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age structure
- The relative proportions of young, middle aged, and older individuals in a population
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biotic potential
- The maximum reporoductive capacity of a species, express as a rate
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carrying capacity
- The maximum population of a species that a particular environment can support
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commensalism
- A symbiotic association in which one speicies (the commensal) is benefited while the other (the host) is not affected.
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competition
- A symbiotic association in which the growth or survival of one of the species populations is adversely affected in instances in which a common resource in in short supply.
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competitive exclusion principle
- The principle that two or more resources limited species, having identical patterns of resource use, cannot coexist in a stable environment, one outcompeting and eventually eliminating the other
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density dependent
- Process that are regulated by the number of individuals present in a given space. ex, those that etiher increase mortality or decrease natality as the number of individuals in the population increases
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density independent
- Processes that are not regulated by the number of individuals present in a given space
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environmenal resistance
- The totality of abiotic and biotic environmental forces that revent the biotic potential of a species from being realized.
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Gause's principle
- See competititve exclusion principle
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generation time
- The length of time between generations of a population
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intrinsic rate of natural increase
- The biotic potential of a species measured under optimal conditions
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J shaped growth curve
- The shape of a growth curve in which there is a rapid exponential growth up to the limits imposed by the environment, at which point the population undergoes a rapid die off.
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macroparasites
Parasites that are typically large, have longer generation times than microparasites do, and have no direct reproduction within the host.
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mean life expectancy
Teh age at which one half of an initial population is still alive, techinically, the medial life expectancy.
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microparasites
- Parasites that are generally small, have short generation times, and have direct reproduction, usually at high rates, within the host
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mortality
- Death rate, the number of deathss in a cohort in a given time frame.
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mutualism
- A symbiotic relationship in which both species bewnefit and neither can survivie without the other
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natality
- Birth rate, the number of births in a cohort in a given time frame
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net reprodutive rate
- The number of female offspring that replace each female of the previous generation
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neutralism
- A symbiotic association in which the speicies populations have no effect on each other.
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parasitism
- A symbiotic association in which one organism, thypically small ( the parasite) live in or on another ( the host), from which it obtains food, shelter, or othe requirements.
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predation
- A symbiotic association in which one organism, typically larger (the predatior), obtains energy by consuming, usually killing, another ( the prey)
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protocooperation
- A symbiotic associaton in which both speicies benefit but the relationship is not obligatory
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reproductive potential
- The capacity of an individual to produce offspring, expressed as a rate.
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sigmoud growth curve
- See s-shaped growth curve
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s-shaped growth curve
- The mopre or less smooth curvilinear shape representing the rate of growth of a population in which densit initially increases slowly, then rapidly, and subsequently declines to zero.
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survivorship curve
- a graph representing the survival of individuals in a population from birth to the maximum age attained by any one member, usually plotted logarithmically
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symbiosis
- a term describing the ineraction of two species that live togehter in close association
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