ch 4

• The relative proportions of young, middle aged, and older individuals in a population

• The maximum reporoductive capacity of a species, express as a rate

• The maximum population of a species that a particular environment can support

• A symbiotic association in which one speicies (the commensal) is benefited while the other (the host) is not affected.

• A symbiotic association in which the growth or survival of one of the species populations is adversely affected in instances in which a common resource in in short supply.

• The principle that two or more resources limited species, having identical patterns of resource use, cannot coexist in a stable environment, one outcompeting and eventually eliminating the other

• Process that are regulated by the number of individuals present in a given space. ex, those that etiher increase mortality or decrease natality as the number of individuals in the population increases

• Processes that are not regulated by the number of individuals present in a given space

• The totality of abiotic and biotic environmental forces that revent the biotic potential of a species from being realized.

• See competititve exclusion principle

• The length of time between generations of a population

• The biotic potential of a species measured under optimal conditions

• The shape of a growth curve in which there is a rapid exponential growth up to the limits imposed by the environment, at which point the population undergoes a rapid die off.

Parasites that are typically large, have longer generation times than microparasites do, and have no direct reproduction within the host.

Teh age at which one half of an initial population is still alive, techinically, the medial life expectancy.

• Parasites that are generally small, have short generation times, and have direct reproduction, usually at high rates, within the host

• Death rate, the number of deathss in a cohort in a given time frame.

• A symbiotic relationship in which both species bewnefit and neither can survivie without the other

• Birth rate, the number of births in a cohort in a given time frame

• The number of female offspring that replace each female of the previous generation

• A symbiotic association in which the speicies populations have no effect on each other.

• A symbiotic association in which one organism, thypically small ( the parasite) live in or on another ( the host), from which it obtains food, shelter, or othe requirements.

• A symbiotic association in which one organism, typically larger (the predatior), obtains energy by consuming, usually killing, another ( the prey)

• A symbiotic associaton in which both speicies benefit but the relationship is not obligatory

• The capacity of an individual to produce offspring, expressed as a rate.

• See s-shaped growth curve

• The mopre or less smooth curvilinear shape representing the rate of growth of a population in which densit initially increases slowly, then rapidly, and subsequently declines to zero.

• a graph representing the survival of individuals in a population from birth to the maximum age attained by any one member, usually plotted logarithmically

• a term describing the ineraction of two species that live togehter in close association