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Giuseppe Verdi lived during which years?
1813-1901
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Verdi built on traditions established by whom?
Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti.
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The early 1850s were considered his _ period. What works were created?
Productive period. Rigoletto, Il trovatore, and La Traviata.
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The greatest opera written during the later 19th century by Verdi is _.
Aida.
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Which operas were based on plays by Shakespeare?
Otello and Falstaff. Shakespeare was Verdi's favourite dramatist.
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How does Verdi experiment with opera?
By making the action more continuous, and with combining solos, ensembles, and choruses freely.
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Another principal work by Verdi is considered to be..?
Requiem (Manzoni Requiem)
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La Traviata was significant how?
- Written because of Verdi's concern for dramatic realism
- One of the first tragic operas to be set in the present
- Based on a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, La Dame aux camelias. (Realism: pitting bourgeois against young people rebelling against the establishment; presenting a courtesan as the heroine was very daring for those days)
- The setting and subject matter link to the contemporary trend of realism in both literature and art.
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What is a scena?
A term often used in 19th-century opera scores for the recitative portion of the number, but is flexible and changable than that of 18th-century recitative.
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La Traviata. Give everything.
- Composer: Verdi
- Genre: scena (recitative) and duet from an opera
- Century: 19th
- Form: free recitative, duet is AABB with coda
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Characteristics of La Traviata, both Recitative and Duet:
- 1. Different from traditional accompanied recitative, because the accompaniment in the orchestra is continuous (instead of brief interjections.)
- 2. A long crescendo begins when Alfredo appears, and builds to a climax as the lovers embrace; their reunion is symbolized by long melodic phrases in octaves.
- Duet:
- 1.Set in waltz time to suggest the dancing and parties of Violetta's old life as a courtesan.
- 2.At the end of the B section, Violetta and Alfredo join together to sign a cadenza-like coda.
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