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Streptococcus pyogenes
- -strept throat
- -airborne/contact
- -virulence factors = capsule & M protein; evasion
- -hemolytic
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What inflammatory/invasive diseases does S. pyogenes cause?
- -pharyngitis (only one requiring antibiotics)
- -impetigo
- -cellulitis
- -necrotizing facitis
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What toxigenic diseases does s. pyogenes cause?
- -scarlet fever
- -toxic shock like sx
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What immunologic diseases does s. pyogenes cause?
- -Rheumatic fever
- -kidney disease
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Scarlet fever
- -caused by s. pyogenes
- -lysogenic and codes for exotoxin which causes scarlet fever rash
- -mild to life threatening
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Glomerulonephritis
- -kidney disease can be caused by s. pyogenes
- -edema and hematuria 10-21 days after infection
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Rheumatic fever
- -autoimmune
- -antibodies made against S. pyogenes can react with heart and joint tissue
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Necrotizing fascitis
- -caused by s. pyogenes
- -fleash eating disease
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impetigo
- -s. pyogenes, s. aureus
- -honey crusted lesions on skin
- -
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
- -airborne/contact
- -capuslated=virulent
- -over 90 serotypes knowns
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What diseases are associated w/ S. pneumoniae
- -leading cause of outpatient bacterial pneumonia
- -otitis media
- -adult bacterial meningitis
- -sinusitis, conjuctivitis
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How is s. pneumoniae treated?
- -penicillin
- -erthromycin and lincomycin second choices
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What vaccines are available for s. pneumoniae?
- pneumovax: 23 most common serotypes; recommended for those at increased risk
- pentavar: 7 serotypes; for use in infants
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Viridians streptococci
- -contact/airborne
- -endocarditis
- -tx = antibiotics
- -no vaccine
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Staphylococcus aureus
- -airborne/contact
- -foodborne
- -capsulated
- -most common cause of impetigo
- -scalded skin syndrome
- -toxic shock syndrome
- -MRSA
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- -thick peptidoglycan layer, no outer membrane
- -airborne (aerosoles)
- -causes tuberculosis
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What are the two stages of TB?
- 1) TB infection
- 2) TB disease
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TB infection
- 30% of ppl exposed
- inhalation of droplets containing tuberculosis
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Latent TB infection
- 90% of people infected
- bacteria remain viable for a period of time and then are released when host is released
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TB disease
- fulminant TB infection
- develops slowly over course of a few months
- rust colored sputum
- extremely contagious
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What is tx of tuberculosis?
- long term therapy (6-9 months)
- comination of 2 or more drugs b/c of antibiotic resistant mycobacteria
- DOT
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Corneybacterium diptheriae
- -airborne/contact
- -virulence factor = exotoxin
- -inflammatory response can result in suffocation
- -vaccine = diptheria toxoid
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Legionella pneumophilia
- airborne, foodborne, waterborne
- resistant to chlorination
- Legionnaire's disease
- sx: pneumonia w/ fever, dry cough, mild headache
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How is L. pneumophilia tx?
it makes penicillinase so erythromycin is the drug of choice
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- transmission: contact, sometimes airborne
- disease: opportunistic - Cystic fibrosis, burn wounds
- tx: antibiotics but difficult due to extensive reisistance to antibiotics
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Respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV)
- -airborne/contact
- -children infected within 1st two years of life
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Measles virus
- -airborne/contact, very contagious
- -systemic infection, rashfrom T cells reacting with virus cells in small blood vessels
- vaccine = live attenuated measles
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Mumps virus
- -airborne/contact
- -infects glands/organs
- -vaccine = live attenuated mumps
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Rubella virus
- -airborne/contact, mother to fetus
- -causes skin rash, viral replication in lymph nodes, replication in lymph nodes w/ transmission to other systems
- -vaccine= live attenuated viral vaccine (pregnant women should not be vaccinated)
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Varicella-zoster virus
- herpes virus
- airborne/contact
- replicates in epithelial cells, enters blood, causes lesions (chicken pox & shingles)
- vaccine = attenuated live virus
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SARS sx
- fever
- pneumonia w/ non productive cough
- lymphopenia
- liver involvement
- rigor, malaise
- diarrhea
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Clostridium perfrigens
- foodborne, soilborne, can enter through wounds
- disease: food poisoning, gas gangrene
- vaccine: = none
- treatment = none, rehydration, antibiotics
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Clostridium botulinum
- foodborne, biological warfare
- disease = botulism - severe food poisoning
- vaccine = exists but for military only
- tx =antitoxin
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Salmonella typhimurium
- foodborne, fecal, oral, aerosol
- disease = salmonella enteritis
- vaccine = none
- tx = rehydration
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Salmonella typhi
- waterborne, foodborne, fecal/oral (flies, food, fingers, feces, fomites)
- disease = 5-21 days after infection; acid resistant
- cause of typhoid fever
- vaccine = none
- tx = chloramphenicol, some resistant
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Listeria Monocytogenes
- foodborne - cold cuts/dairy products
- disease = meningitis, delerium, coma, death; transplacental infections
- vaccine = none
- tx = antibiotics
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Campylobacter jejuni
- foodborne
- disease = profuse watery diarrhea
- vaccine = none
- tx = erythromycin
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Bacillus anthracis
- soilborne, foodborne, biological weapon (airborne & vectorborne)
- cutaneous infection, inhalation, intenstinal
- vaccine = military use only
- tx = doxycycline and ciproflaxin
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Clostridium tetani
- soilborne, deep wounds
- virulence = tetanus toxin
- disease = must be desposited into a deep wound
- vaccine = toxoid vacine
- tx: = antitoxin, antibiotic, limit stimuli
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Norcardia
- soilborne
- disease = pulmonary infection, pneumonia w/ sx resembling tuberculosis; madura foot
- vaccine = none
- tx = various antibx
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Hantavirus
- transmission = inhalation of rodent droppings, contact to contact
- disease = pulmonary syndrome, hemorrhagic fever w/ renal syndrome
- tx = none, prevention of exposure to rodent droppings
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Rabies virus
- vectorborne - animals
- disease = replicates in injured tissue and spreads to nerve fibers
- vaccine = 5 intramuscular injections; can vaccinate after exposure to promote and protective immune response
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Mycobacterium leprae
- transmitted via contact
- disease - skin, likes to grow on cooler regions of the body
- vaccine = none
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Epstein Barr virus
- contact - can be acquired from water fountains
- commonly known as mono
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Mycoplasmas
- no cell wall
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- tx = tetracycline
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CMV - cytelomegavirus
- transmission = urine, blood, milk, saliva, vaginal and cervical secretions; sexually transmitted
- tx = gancyclovir
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Neisseria gonnorraheae
- sexually transmitted; possibly contact
- one of most common STD's
- disease = attach to epithelial cells in males -urethra or female cervix
- tx = quinolones
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Treponema pallidum
- sexually transmitted
- primary, secondary & tertiary stages
- vaccine = none
- tx = penicillin
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