General Science

balanced internal situation of a cell and the organism as a whole

substances that start or speed up chemical reactions with out themselves being affected or changed. All cells make and use them

(Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries hereditary or genetic information for all cells. Genes contained in chromosones

small rod-shaped bodies within a cell that control the characteristics that offspring receive from their parents.

biochemical activites neccessary for life carried on by all cells, tissues, organs, and systems

a trait or characteristic that lends itself to the survival of an individual or a species

a group of simlar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring

the way an organism gets food or nutrients from its environment and uses it as fuel for growth and continued life

taking in food

chemical changes that convert nutrients into a useable form

changing nutrients into protoplasm

the process where by small molecules are built into larger ones. Amino acids change into enzymes, hormones and protoplasm

protein building blocks

chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glad that regulate and coordinate the body's activities

movement of fluid and the dissolved materials in carries throughou the cell or body

includes all the processes that control and coordinate the activities of a living organism

coordinate bodily activities in animals

coordinate bodily activities in plants

breathing and cellular respiration or a combination of processes that release energy from glucose

organism getting rid of waste products

increased cell size and/or numbers in an organism

cells divide or replicate

new individuals are produced by parent organisms

reproduction involving only one parent

reproduction requiring two parents of opposite sexes

reproduction cells

• - move water upward from roots to leaves and move dissolved food materials down from the leaves to roots
• -produce and support leaves and flowers
• -provide a way to store food

anchor plant in soil and absorb nutrients water and dissolve minerals

food making process whereby inorganic materials are changed into nutrients

help leaves use sun's energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

with out backbones

with spine made of bone or catilage and a noticeable development of the head

pumps blood throughout the body by means of a heart with two types of chambers atrium and ventricle

• 1. kingdon
• 2. phylum
• 3. class
• 4. order
• 5. family
• 6. genus
• 7. species

carries body and supports and protects the vital organs

enables the body to move, about 40% of body weight

controls movement, provides communication between the individual and its environment

includes glands that regulate growth, blood pressure, and other functions

includes the heart and blood vessels, which transport oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body

assists with bring oxygen to cells and removing waste products from them

processes and helps distribute nutrients

removes wastes from the body

gives humans the means to reproduce and contitue the species

disorder or problem taht keeps the body or its organs from functioning properly

causedby germs or bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasite worms. most contagious

inorganic, but grow with in living cells

caused by malnutrition, poisoning, radiation, or malfunction of a bodily system

study of the ways characteristics are passed from parents to offspring

individual hereditary traits, or units, separate in the gametes

each trait is inherited independently of other traits

when contrasting traits are both present one trait is dominant and one is recessive

hereditary units

change or disruption in the DNA coding

• ranged from the planet's formation between 3.5 and 4.5 billion yrs. ago to 600 million yrs. ago.
• characterized by formation of planet.
• life is thought to have appeared towards end of era.
• not divided into periods

• 600 million to 230 million yrs ago.
• Formation of many mountain ranges, the formation and disappearence of seas and oceans and appearence of life forms

• 230 mil to 65mil yrs ago
• rise and fall of dinosaurs and intro of ancient birds, snakes, modern fish
• include triassic, jurassic and cretacious periods

• current era
• pleistocene epoch started about 500,000yrs ago and saw rise and fall of a global ice age
• the holocene epoch started with the withdrawl of glaciers about 11,000 yrs ago.