Linux

contains programs and commands necessary to boot the system and perform other system tasks not reserved for the admin. such as shutdown and reboot

the home directory for the root user only

let you view the contents of a file. use the redirect symbol > with cat command to copy a file

changes the attributes assigned to a file and is similar to the DOS Attrib cammand

clears the screen

Used to copy a file

searches for a specific pattern in a file or in multiple files

used to troubleshoot problems with network connections under TCP/IP. can disable and enable network cards and release and renew the ip addressed assigned to these cards

kills a process instead of waiting for the process to terminate

• displays a list of directories and files
• has many options
• -l long list
• -t sort by modification time
• -h list file sizes in human readable format
• -r reverse the order
• options can be combined

displays the online help manual, called man pages

Appended to a command to display the results of the command on the screen one page at a time

use to test network connections

displays the process table so that you can identify process IDs for currently running processes( once u know what the ID u can kill the process)

shows the name of the present working directory

shows the route of ip packets; used for debugging connection on a network

launches a full-screen editor that can be used to edit a file

delete a word

delete from the current position to the end of the line

to move the cursor to the beginning of the command line

to move the cursor left one word

to move the cursor right one word

Unix-type based on the linux kernel and it is free

use in servers

The linux kernel and other components are free and open source software

• open source
• stability
• performance
• network friendliness
• flexiblility
• campatibility
• choice
• fast and easy intallation
• full use of hard disk
• multitasking
• security

• not user friendly and confusing for beginners
• to many different distributions
• will not run all windows based applications

• GNOME
• KDE

• Xfce
• LXDE

• In unix-style OS it is the conventional name of the user who has all right or permissions to all files and programs.
• It is advisable to create a normal user account and then use the su command to switch when necessary

• In a single rooted hierarchical file system
• Data-stored in directories (folders)
• Directories may be nested as deep as needed

• entered at the command prompt
• typed in lower case

• User-level; perform tasks
• System administration; system management(sudo commands)

Can be use as a wildcard

• requires the use of an editor
• nano\pico
• vi
• emacs

• "r" means read only
• "w" write permission
• "x" execute permission
• the order is you-group-world

• contains a bootable computer OS
• may include mechanisms and utilities for altering the host computers hard drive