contains programs and commands necessary to boot the system and perform other system tasks not reserved for the admin. such as shutdown and reboot
/root
the home directory for the root user only
cat
let you view the contents of a file. use the redirect symbol > with cat command to copy a file
chmod
changes the attributes assigned to a file and is similar to the DOS Attrib cammand
clear
clears the screen
cp
Used to copy a file
grep
searches for a specific pattern in a file or in multiple files
ifconfig
used to troubleshoot problems with network connections under TCP/IP. can disable and enable network cards and release and renew the ip addressed assigned to these cards
kill
kills a process instead of waiting for the process to terminate
ls
displays a list of directories and files
has many options
-l long list
-t sort by modification time
-h list file sizes in human readable format
-r reverse the order
options can be combined
man
displays the online help manual, called man pages
| more
Appended to a command to display the results of the command on the screen one page at a time
ping
use to test network connections
ps
displays the process table so that you can identify process IDs for currently running processes( once u know what the ID u can kill the process)
pwd
shows the name of the present working directory
traceroute
shows the route of ip packets; used for debugging connection on a network
vi
launches a full-screen editor that can be used to edit a file
Alt+D
delete a word
Ctrl+K
delete from the current position to the end of the line
Ctrl+A
to move the cursor to the beginning of the command line
Alt+B
to move the cursor left one word
Alt+F
to move the cursor right one word
linux is what type of op system?
Unix-type based on the linux kernel and it is free
linux ip prdominantly known for?
use in servers
primary difference in Linux and other popular OP systems?
The linux kernel and other components are free and open source software
Advantages of Linux
open source
stability
performance
network friendliness
flexiblility
campatibility
choice
fast and easy intallation
full use of hard disk
multitasking
security
Disadvantages of linux
not user friendly and confusing for beginners
to many different distributions
will not run all windows based applications
Tow most popular desktop enviroments
GNOME
KDE
Other enviroments
Xfce
LXDE
Root Account
In unix-style OS it is the conventional name of the user who has all right or permissions to all files and programs.
It is advisable to create a normal user account and then use the su command to switch when necessary
How are Linex files stored
In a single rooted hierarchical file system
Data-stored in directories (folders)
Directories may be nested as deep as needed
Commands
entered at the command prompt
typed in lower case
The two categories of commands
User-level; perform tasks
System administration; system management(sudo commands)
What is *
Can be use as a wildcard
Creating files in Unix\Linux
requires the use of an editor
nano\pico
vi
emacs
permission levels
"r" means read only
"w" write permission
"x" execute permission
the order is you-group-world
live cd
contains a bootable computer OS
may include mechanisms and utilities for altering the host computers hard drive