Radiology

The latent period in radiation of biology is the period of time between_________ and _________

an unchargaeable molecule that has an unpaired electron in the outer shell, is highly reactive and unstable, and combines with molecules to form toxins

A free radical:
is an uncharged molecule
has an unpaired electron in the outer shell
is highly reactive and unstable
combines with molecules to form toxins

Direct radiation injury occurs when____________ hit___________________

Indirect radiation injury occurs when____________are__________
and_________________

What graph relationship describes the response of tissues to radiation?

Which of the following factors contribute to radiation injury?
total dose
dose rate
cell sensitivity
age

What are 4 factors that contribute to radiation injury?

Identify the correct statement:
short-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation agsorbed in a short period
short term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period
long term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a short period
long term affects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period

radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but occur in future generations

Which of the following is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?
bone tissue
small lymphocyte
muscle tissue
nerve tissue
epithelial tissue

What is the sensitivity of tissue radiation determined by? (3)

which of the following is conidered radioresistant?
immature reproductive cells
young bone cells
mature bone cells
epithelial cells

An organ, that if damaged diminishes the quality of an individual's life is termed a?

The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed?

What radiation unit is the QF used to determine?

What is the unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays?

Identify the correct conversion:
1 R = 2.58 x 10^-4 C
1 rad = 0.1 Gy
1 rem = 0.1 Sv
1 Gy = 10 rads
1 Sv = 10 rem

Which of the following units does not have an SI equivalent?
roentgen
rad
rem
QF

Which of the following is used only for x-rays?
sievert
gray
rem
rad
roentgen

Identify the correct conversion(s):
1 R =2.58 x 10^-4 C
1 Gy = 100 rads
1 Sv = 100 rem
1 rem = rad x QF

Identify the average dose of background radiation received by an individual in the United States

What is the single largest contributer to artificial radiation exposure?

The amount of radiation exposure an individual recieves varies depending on what factors? (4)

A single intraoral radiograph (D speed film, 70 kVp, long PID) results in a mean surface exposure of:
50 mR
250 mR
500 mR
1 R
5 R

What is the dose of mrads that leukemia induction will most likely occur?

Identify the incorrect statement:
x-radiation is not harmful to living tissues
dental radiographs benefit the patient
in dental radiography, the benefit of disease detection outweighs the risk of damage due to radiation
raiographs should be prescribed only when the benefit outweighs the risk
biologic damage results from x-ray exposure