radiology

The latent period in radiation biology is the time between:
A. exposure of film and development
B. subsequent doses of radiation
C. cell rest and cell mitosis
D. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms
E. none of the above

a free radical is:
A. an uncharged molecule
B. has an unpaired electron in the outer shell
C. is highly reactive and unstable
D. combines with molecules to form toxins
E. all of the above

direct radiation injury occurs when:
A. x-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell
B. x-ray photons pass through the cell
C. x-ray photons are absorbed and form toxins
D. free radicals combine to form toxins
E. none of the above

indirect radiation injury occurs when:
A. x-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell
B. x-ray photons pass through the cell
C. x-ray photons are absorbed and form toxins
D. xray photons hit the DNA of a cell
E. non of the above

which of the following relationships describes the response of tissues to radiation
A. linear
B. linear, threshold
C. linear, nonthreshold
D. nonlinear, non threshold
E. none of the above

which of the following factors contributes to radiation injury
A. total dose
B. dose rate
C. cell sesitivity
D. age
E. all of the above

which of the following statements is correct
A. short term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a short period
B. short term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period
C. long term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in ashort time
D. long term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period
E. none of the above

radiation injuries that are not seen in the persons irradiated but tat occur in future generations are termed?
A. somatic effects
B. cumulative effects
C. genetic effects
D. long term effects
E. short term effects (pick this one)

which of the following is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?
A. muscle tissue
B. nerve tissue
C. bone tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. small lymphocyte

the sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by?
A. mitotic activity
B. cell differentiation
C. cell metabolism
D. all of the above
E. none of the above (all that work just so you can pick none of them I don't think so!)

which of the following is considered radioresistant?
A. immature reproductive cells
B. young bone cells
C. mature bone cells
D. epithelial cells
E. none of the above

an organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individuals life is termed a:
A. critical organ
B. somatic organ
C. cumulative organ
D. radioresistant organ
E. none of the above

the traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed:
A. coulombs per kilogram
B. the rem
C. the gray
D. the roentgen
E. the rad

the quality factor (QF) is used to determine which of the following radiation units
A. the rad
B. the rem
C. the roentgen
D. the gray
E. coulombs per kilogram

the unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed:
A. quality factor
B. the rad
C. the rem
D. the sievert
E. the roentgen

which of the following conversions is correct?
A. 1 Gy=10 rads
B. 1R=2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg
C. 1 rad=0.1 Gy
D. 1 rem=0.1 Sv
E. 1 Sv= 10 rems

which of the following traditional units does not have an SI equivalent
a. the roentgen
b. the rad
c. the rem
d. quality factor
e none of the above

which of the following is used only for x-rays?
A. the roentgen
B. the rem
C. the sievert
D. the gray
E. the rad

which of the following conversions is correct?
A. 1 R= 2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg
B. 1 Gy=100 rads
C. 1 Sv= 100 rmes
D. 1 rem= rads x QF
E. all of the above

what is the average dose of background radiation received by an individual in the United States
A. 150 to 300 mrads (0.0015-0.003 Gy)
B. 50 to100 mrads (0.0005-0.001 Gy)
C. 200 to 500 mrads (0.002-0.005 Gy)
D. 0 to 100 mrads (0-0.001 Gy)
E. 500 to 100 mrads (0.005-0.01 Gy)

what is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure?
A. consumer produts
B. medical radiation
C. nuclear fuel cycle
D. radioactive materials
E. weapons production

the amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on which of the following factors
A. film speed
B. collimation
C. tecnique
D. exposure factors
E. all of the above

a single intraoral radiograph (D-speed film, 70kVp, long PID) results in a mean surface exposure of:
A. 250mR
B. 1 R
C. 500 mR
D. 5 R
E. 50mR

what is the dose at which leukemia induction is most likely to occur?
A. 500 mrads (.005 Gy)
B. 1000 mrads (.01 Gy)
C. 2000 mrads (.02 Gy)
D. 5000 mrads (.05 Gy)
E. none of the above

which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. x-radiation is not harmful to living tissues
B. screw this question its the last one for me to type and I dislike this chapter.
C. this one is too long and I don't want to type it
D. dental radiographs benefit the patient
E. biologic damage results from x-ray exposure