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What are some general characteristics of Mycobacterium?
- slow growing
- Fastidious growth
- lipid rich cell wall
- acid fast chain
- non spore forming
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who was the person developing growth media for TB
Koch
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what are some diagnostic ways that detect latent and active infection?
- Injection of purified protein derivate wait 2 days and measure the diameter of skin.
- ** problem with technique is that it may give false positive result for people who were vaccinated with BCG or infected with non.virulant mycobacteria.
- ** X-ray is done for conformation
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Who was the first person to usher in a new era of TB and what is a sanatorium?
- Dr. Edward livingstone
- Sanatorium is a place that people with TB would go that has fresh air , good food and a lot of rest
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when was the national association for study and prevention of TB found and what was its mission?
It was found in 1904 and its mission was to prevent public spitting.
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what is the vaccine for TB?
- BCG is the vaccine that is been using since 1920 .
- It has a good efficiency to protect against Pediatric TB however not efficient in protecting adults from pulmonary TB.
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What was the first drug used for TB treatment?
Streptomycin which was found by Selman Waksman
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Why is research for TB important?
- because last effective diagnostic for latent TB was found in 1891
- also because the last vaccine was established in 1921
- the last new first line drug was 1967
- these would all lead to
- . inefficiency of chemotherapy
- . drug resistance
- . inefficiency of BCG vaccine
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what are some epidemiological factors associated with TB?
- 1/3 of worlds population is infected
- 8-10 M cases per year
- 80% in developing countries
- multidrug resistance in over 100 countries
- 5% of cases are MDR
- XDR is on the raise
- high incidence for HIV/TB coinfection (30 to 70% of patients with HIV die of TB)
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what are first line drugs for TB?
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
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What are second line drugs for TB?
- Floroquinoles ( levafloxacin..)
- Aminoglycoside ( Streptomycin )>injectable
- Ethionamide, protionamide, cycloserine, terizidone, p.aminosalicylic > oral bacteriostatic
- amoxicilin, clavulante,linezolid,clarithromycin > agents with unclear function.
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what are some treatments for TB currently? how about MDR?
- General
- 2 month with 4 first line
- 4 month with rifampin and isoniazide
- MDR
- 18-24 month with second line drugs
- Dots has 50% cure rate
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