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Volume 3 Chapter 9
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Hematology
Study of blood and the blood-forming organs
Hematopoietic System Components
Blood
Bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Kidneys
Pluripotent Stem Cell
A cell from which the various types of blood cells can form
Hematopoiesis
The process through which pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into different cell types
Erythropoietin
The hormone responsible for red blood cell production
Components of Blood
Plasma
Formed elements
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Thick, pale yellow fluid that makes up the liquid part of the blood. 92% water 7% proteins, 3 percent others.
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Hemoglobin
Oxygen-bearing molecule in the red blood cells. It is made up of an iron-rich red pigment called heme and a protein called globin.
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Higher affinity of O2 to hemoglobin: decreased pH, increased CO2, increased temperature, increased 2,3-BPG
Lower affinity is opposites
Bohr Effect
Phenomenon in which a decrease in PCO2 acidity caused an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with the hemoglobin and vise versa.
2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)
Chemical in the red blood cells that affects hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
Erythropoiesis
The process of producing red blood cells
Hemolysis
Destruction of red blood cells
Sequestration
Trapping of red blod cells by an organ
Hematocrit
The packed cell volume of red blood cells per unit of blood. Usually 45% of blood volume
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Chemotaxis
The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals
Phagocytosis
Process in which white blood cells engulf and destroy an invader
Leukopoiesis
Process through which stem cells differentiate into white blood cells immature forms.
White Blood Cells Blasts
Myeloblasts
Monoblasts
Lymphblasts
White Blood Cell Categories
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
Basophils-Allergic reactions
Eosinophils- Allergic reaction mediators
Neutrophils- Fight infection
Monocytes
Turn into macrophages. Clean up dead cells after immune response
Lymphocytes
Primary cells in immune response
Autoimmune Disease
Condition in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues
Inflammatory Response
Nonspecific defense mechanism that wards off damange from microorganisms or trauma
Thrombocyte
Blood platelet
Hemostasis
Combined three mechanisms that work to prevent or control blood loss.
Vascular spasms
Platelet plugs
Stable fibrin blood clots
Fibrinolysis
Process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot
Thrombosis
Clot formation
Antigen
Protein on surface of red blood cells that the patient's body recognizes as not self
Blood Types
A
B
AB
O
Polycythemia
An excess of red blood cells
Anemia
An inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin within red blood cells
Diseases of the Red Blood Cells
Anemia
Sickle cell disease
Polycythemia
Types of Anemia
Aplastic
: Failure to produce RBCs
Iron Deficiency
: No iron for hemoglobin
Pernicious
: Lack of Vitamin B12 which is needed for red blood cell division
Sickle Cell
: Genetic alteration of the shape of RBCs
Hemolytic
: Body destroys RBCs
Chronic Disease
: Hemmorhage
Sickle Cell Anemia
Inherited disorder of RBCs production. Cells become sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low
Sickle Cell Crises
Vasoocclusive
Hematological
Infection
Leukopenia
Too few WBCS
Leukocytosis
Too many WBCs
Diseases of the WBCs
Leukopenia/Neutropenia
Leukocytosis
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Cancer of the hematopoietic cells
Lymphoma
A cancer of lymphatic system
Platelet Abnormalities
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
von Willbrand's Disease
Thrombocytosis
An abnormal increase in the number of platelets
Trombocytopenia
An abnormal decrease in number of platelets
Hemophilia
Blood disorder in which one of the proteins necessary for blood clotting is missing or defective
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
A disorder of coagulation caused by systemic activation of clotting cascade
Multiple Myeloma
A cancerous disorder of plasma cells
Author
amerelman
ID
52677
Card Set
Volume 3 Chapter 9
Description
Volume 3 Chapter 9
Updated
2010-12-01T21:04:49Z
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