Volume 3 Chapter 9

Study of blood and the blood-forming organs

• Blood
• Bone marrow
• Liver
• Spleen
• Kidneys

A cell from which the various types of blood cells can form

The process through which pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into different cell types

The hormone responsible for red blood cell production

• Plasma
• Formed elements
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets

Thick, pale yellow fluid that makes up the liquid part of the blood. 92% water 7% proteins, 3 percent others.

Red blood cell

Oxygen-bearing molecule in the red blood cells. It is made up of an iron-rich red pigment called heme and a protein called globin.

Higher affinity of O2 to hemoglobin: decreased pH, increased CO2, increased temperature, increased 2,3-BPG

Lower affinity is opposites

Phenomenon in which a decrease in PCO2 acidity caused an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with the hemoglobin and vise versa.

Chemical in the red blood cells that affects hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

The process of producing red blood cells

Destruction of red blood cells

Trapping of red blod cells by an organ

The packed cell volume of red blood cells per unit of blood. Usually 45% of blood volume

White blood cell

The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals

Process in which white blood cells engulf and destroy an invader

Process through which stem cells differentiate into white blood cells immature forms.

• Myeloblasts
• Monoblasts
• Lymphblasts

• Granulocytes
• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes

• Basophils-Allergic reactions
• Eosinophils- Allergic reaction mediators
• Neutrophils- Fight infection

Turn into macrophages. Clean up dead cells after immune response

Primary cells in immune response

Condition in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues

Nonspecific defense mechanism that wards off damange from microorganisms or trauma

Blood platelet

• Combined three mechanisms that work to prevent or control blood loss.
• Vascular spasms
• Platelet plugs
• Stable fibrin blood clots

Process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot

Clot formation

Protein on surface of red blood cells that the patient's body recognizes as not self

• A
• B
• AB
• O

An excess of red blood cells

An inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin within red blood cells

• Anemia
• Sickle cell disease
• Polycythemia

• Aplastic: Failure to produce RBCs
• Iron Deficiency: No iron for hemoglobin
• Pernicious: Lack of Vitamin B12 which is needed for red blood cell division
• Sickle Cell: Genetic alteration of the shape of RBCs
• Hemolytic: Body destroys RBCs
• Chronic Disease: Hemmorhage

Inherited disorder of RBCs production. Cells become sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low

• Vasoocclusive
• Hematological
• Infection

Too few WBCS

Too many WBCs

• Leukopenia/Neutropenia
• Leukocytosis
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Cancer of the hematopoietic cells

A cancer of lymphatic system

• Thrombocytosis
• Thrombocytopenia
• Hemophilia
• von Willbrand's Disease

An abnormal increase in the number of platelets

An abnormal decrease in number of platelets

Blood disorder in which one of the proteins necessary for blood clotting is missing or defective

A disorder of coagulation caused by systemic activation of clotting cascade

A cancerous disorder of plasma cells