MedT Ch. 15

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder; overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle

thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

one of the mineral constituents of bone

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

flexible, rubbery connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint

skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

flat, round, plate-like structure; an intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

shallow cavity in a bone

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

upper portion of the sternum; articulates with medial aspect of clavicle

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and epiphyseal plate

large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow

bone tissue

process of bone formation

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis; joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk

found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

twelve pairs of cerved bones that form the chest wall

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

hollow air cavity within a bone

pole-like process extending downward from teh temporal bone on each side of the skull

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for tendons of the hip musculature

rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons

rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

calc/o, calci/o

kyph/o

lamin/o

lord/o

lumb/o

myel/o

orth/o

oste/o

scoli/o

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)

-blast

-clast

-listhesis

-malacia

-physis

-porosis

-tome

acetabul/o

calcane/o

carp/o

clavicul/o

cost/o

crani/o

femor/o

fibul/o

humer/o

ili/o

ischi/o

mandibul/o

maxill/o

metacarp/o

metatars/o

olecran/o

patell/o

pelv/i

perone/o

phalang/o

pub/o

radi/o

scapul/o

stern/o

tars/o

tibi/o

uln/o

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occuring in children

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint near the base of the big toe and is accompained by the buildup of soft tissue and underlying bone at the distal/medial aspect of the first metatarsal

traumatic breaking of a bone

type of fracture: occurs near the wrist joint at the distal end of the radius

type of fracture: bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces

type of fracture: bone collapses or is compressed

type of fracture: bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other; occurs in children

type of fracture: one fragment is driven firmly into the other

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

inflammation of the bone and the bone marrow secondary to infection

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus); clubfoot

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

any type of joint

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint

immovable joint, such as betwen the bones of the skull

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

viscous fluid within the synovial cavity

a freely movable joint

tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid

connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

ankyl/o

arthr/o

articul/o

burs/o

chondr/o

ligament/o

rheumat/o

synov/o

ten/o

tendin/o

-desis

-stenosis

inflammation of joints

type of arthritis: chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

type of arthritis: inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

type of arthritis: progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

type of arthritis: chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

displacement of a bone from its joint

fluid-filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

trauma to a joint without rupture

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

movement away from the midline of the body

movement toward the midline of the body

circular movement around an axis

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward)

motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground

act of turning the palm of the hand up

act of turning the palm of the hand down

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle

visceral muscle

skeletal muscle

muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

fasci/o

fibr/o

leiomy/o

my/o

myocardi/o

myos/o

plant/o

rhabdomy/o

sarc/o

-asthenia

-trophy

ab-

ad-

dorsi-

poly-

group of inherited diseases characterized by progessive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

chronic inflammatory myopathy

detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

measurement of calcium level in serum

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

measurement of uric acid in serum

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

surgical repair or replacemeof a joint

visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera

low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

x-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images

x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk)

recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

a magnetic field creates images of soft tissue

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination