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Functional Class
Antihistamine
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Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Histamine H1 receptors preventing bronchoconstriction and vasodilation.
- Blocks ACh receptor sites (anticholinergic)
- Also useful in reversing dystonic reactions caused by medications that block histamine receptor sites. (thorazine, compazine, reglan, haldol, phenergan)
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Indications
- Anaphylaxis
- Moderate to severe allergic reactions
- Acute extrapyramidal reactions. (dystonia)
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Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Newborns and nursing mothers
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Precautions
- Not considered a primary drug for the treatment of severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxis
- Use caution in narrow-angle glaucoma
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Side Effects
- Hypotension
- N/V
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Sedation
- Palpitations
- Drowsiness
- Disturbed coordination
- Dry mouth
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Interactions
Potentiated by other CNS depressants, antihistamines, narcotics and alcohol. MAOIs may prolong or intensify the anticholinergic effects.
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Dose and Route
- Adult: 25-50 mg IVP/IM q 6-8 hours
- Pedi: 1 mg/kg IVP/IO max single does 50 mg q 6-8 hours
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