-
acts as a detector and shows change
dental radiograph
-
changes asociated with what 4 things can be seen on a radiograph
- trauma
- resorption
- pulpal lesions
- periapical lesions
-
what can be examined with radiographs that cannot be seen clinically (3)
- roots
- pulp chambers
- periapical regions of teeth
-
injury produced by an external force
trauma
-
what can trauma affect? (3)
- crowns
- roots
- alveolar bone
-
trauma may restult in fractures of teeth and bone and injuries such as (3)
- intrusion
- extrusion
- avulsion
-
defined as the breaking of a part
fracture
-
fractures may affect (4)
- crowns
- roots
- maxilla
- mandible
-
fractures that affect tooth crowns most often inolve
anterior teeth
-
most common fracture
mandible
-
occurs most often in the maxillary central inciosors
root fractures
-
with time, root fractures have a tendancy to enlarge bc of (3)
- displacement of root fragments
- hemorrhage
- edema
-
jaw fractures reslult from (3)
- assaults
- accidents
- sports injuries
-
film of choice for eval of manibular fractures
pano
-
tooth displacement involves (2)
- luxation (intrusion or extrusion)
- avulsion
-
abnormal displacement of teeth
luxation
-
refers to the abnormal displacement of teeth into bone
intrusion
-
refers to the abnormal displacement of teeth out of bone
extrusion
-
teeth that have been luxated should be evaluated by a periapical radiograph and examined for (3)
- root and adjacent alveolar bone fractures
- damage to the periodontal ligament
- pulpal problems
-
complete displacement of a tooth from alveolar bone
avulsion
-
is an avulsed tooth seen on a radiograph
no; you see a tooth socket without a tooth
-
what do you look for in a tooth socket?
splintered bone
-
what two types of resporption are associated with teeth?
-
process that is seen with the normal shedding of primary teeth
physiologic resorption
-
regressive alteration of tooth structure that is observed when a tooth is subjected to abnormal stimuli
pathologic resporption
-
seen along the periphery of the root surface and is often associated with reimplanted teeth, abnormal mechanical forces, trauma, chronic inflammation, tumors and cysts, impacted teeth, or idiopathic causes.
external resorption
-
external resorption most often affects
apieces of teeth
-
how does the apical region appear with external resorption
blunted; length of the root appears shorter than normal
-
is external resportion detected clinically?
no
-
do teeth that have external resportion exibit mobility?
no
-
is there effective treatment for external resorption?
no
-
occurs within the crown or root of a tooth and involves the pulp chamber, pulp canals, and surrounding dentin
Internal resorption
-
appears as a rount-to-ovoid radiolucency in the midcrown or midroot portion fo a tooth
internal resoprtion
-
endodontic therapy may be used for internal resportion when?
when the process has not physically weakened the tooth
-
when the tooth is weakened what must be done?
extraction
-
what must be obtained before treatment?
size and location of the pulp cavity
-
what are the common conditions of the pulp cavity seen on radiographs (3)
- pupal sclerosis
- pulpal obliteration
- pulp stones
-
diffuse calcification of the pulp chamber adn pulp canals of teeth that results in a pulp cavity of decreased size
pulpal sclerosis
-
pulpal sclerosis is associated with?
aging
-
does not appear to have a pulp chamber or pulp canals
pulpal obliteration
-
nonvital adn do not require treatment
pulpal obliteration
-
what irritants to the pulp my stimulate the producation of secondary dentin which obliterates the pulp cavity
- attrition,
- abrasion,
- caries,
- dental restorations,
- trauma,
- abnormal mechanical forces
-
calcifications that are found in the pulp chamber or pulp canals of teeth
pulp stones
-
appear as round, ovoid, or cylindrical radiopacities, may conform the the shape of the pulp chamber or canal
pulp stones
-
pulp stones may vary in (3)
-
do not cause symptoms and do not require treatment
pulp stones
-
lesion located around the apex of a tooth
periapical lesion
-
on radiographs, periapical lesions may appear
radiolucent or radiopaque
-
Periapical radiolucencies (3)
-
localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth
periapical granuloma
-
may give rise to a periapical cyst or abcess
periapical granuloma
-
sequela of pulpitis
inflammation of the pulp
-
most common sequela of pulpitis
periapical granuloma
-
has a prolonged history of sensativity to hot and cold
periapical granuloma
-
treatment of periapical granuloma
- endodontic therapy
- removal of tooth with curettage of the apical region
-
another name for periapical cyst
radicular cyst
-
lesion that develops over a prolonged period; cystic degeneration takes place within a periapical granuloma and results in?
periapical cyst
-
the periapical cyst results from?
pulpal death and necrosis
-
Most common of ALL tooth related cysts?
periapical cysts
-
what percentage of cysts in the oral region are periapical?
50-70%
-
treatment of periapical cyst?
- endodontic therapy
- extraction of the tooth and curettage of the apical region
-
localized collection of pus in the periapical region of a tooth that results from pulpal death
periapical abscess
-
has features of an acute pus-producing process and inflammation
may result from an acute inflammation of teh pulp or an area of chronic infection
Acute periapical abcess
-
features of a long-standing, low-grade puss-producing process
chronic periapical abcess
-
acute periapical abcess is painful; pain may be (3)
-
the tooth with an acute periapical abcess is sensative to (3)
-
may be seen at the apical region of a tooth at the sight of drainage
gumbiol (paralis)
-
treatment of the periapical abcess incluedes
- drainage
- endodontic therapy or extraction
-
Is radiographic change always evident with acute periapical abcess?
no
-
results from a bacterial infection within the walls of the periodontal tissues that typically results from a preexisting periodontal condition
periodontal abcess
-
the most common symptom of periodontal abcess is?
pain
-
Therapy for a periodontal abcess includes
deep scaling and dbridement of the periodontal tissues
-
prognosis for the tooths periodontal health depends on (2)
- amount fo bone loss
- mobility
-
tooth with an infection in the pulp
periapical abscess
-
tooth with purulent inflammation within the periodontal tissues
periodontal abscess
-
Periapical radiopacities (3)
- condensing osteitis
- sclerotic bone
- hypercementosis
-
periapical radiopacities can be diagonosed based on (3)
- radiographic appearance
- clinical info
- patient history
-
well-defined radiopacity that is seen below the apex of a nonvital tooth with a history of long-standing pulpitis
condensing osteitis
|
|