Biology

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons

It now has a net electric charge

Cations- net positive charge

Anions- net negative charge

Ionic bond occurs when a cation binds to an anion

Occurs when one or more substances are changed into other substances

Reactants → products

Share many properties

All require a source of energy

Reactions in living organisms often require a catalyst (enzymes)

Tend to proceed in a particular direction but will eventually reach equilibrium

Occur in liquid environment - water

Hydrolysis reaction uses water to break apart covalent bonds

Also called catabolism

R1-R2 -> R1-H + R-2-OH

Dehydration reaction loses water to form bonds

Also called anabolsim

R1-H + R2-OH -> R1-R2

Our body builds molecules and break molecules

Basis of cellular metabolism

Energy is released when a bond breaks (catabolism reaction)

Energy is required to form a bond (anabolism reaction)

A solution is made up of the

Solvent- liquid

Solutes- substances dissolved in solvent

Aqueous solution- water is the solvent

Ions and molecules that contain polar covalent bonds will dissolve in water