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What is a rock made of?
more than one material
namely, one or more minerals and sometimes organic (once-living) particles
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What is a mineral made of?
only one material
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What is a fossil?
preserved remains of an organism that lived long ago
sometimes it is just its imprint that is preserved
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What is an igneous rock?
a rock formed from molten matter that has cooled and hardened
this can happen either above ground or deep under ground
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What is a metamorphic rock?
a mixed-up rock, made of minerals, igneous rock, sedementary rock, and other metamorphic rock
made inside the earth under extreme heat and pressure
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What is a sedimentary rock?
rock made from sediment deposited in layers and pressed together for a long time to form a solid
the sediment can be minerals, pieces of other rocks, or even organic material
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What is petrification?
the process of making a fossil
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What is luster?
the ability of a rock to reflect light
two types are metallic and non-metallic
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What is hardness?
a mineral's resistance to scratching
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What is Moh's Scale of Hardness?
a test used to rank the hardness of a mineral on a scale of 1 to 10
1 is the softest, 10 is the hardest
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Describe metallic luster.
dark in color and always opaque
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Describe non-metallic luster
light in color
can be described as glossy, brilliant, pearly, silky, greasy, or dull
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What is an atom?
the smallest particle of matter
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What are the elements?
100 substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary chemical means
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What do you learn from the luster test?
What the mineral looks like.
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What do you learn from the streak test?
what the real color is
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What do you learn from the acid test?
whether or not calcite is present
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