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What is Rhinnorrhea?
Perfused, nasal drainage (runny nose)
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Complications of a cold'?
Secondary complications--sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia
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What is coryza?
cold like symptoms?
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What influenza virus is most common?
What is the incubation period
What does it cause for the respiratory epithelium?
Influenza A virus
18-72 hrs
Necrosis
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What are some manifestations of influenza?
Diagnostic tests?
same as common cold plus nassopharyngeal inflammation
chest x ray, wbc
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Treatment for influenza?
Complications?
Amantadine, symtril, rimanadina (flumadine)
sinusitis, otitismedia, tracheobronchitis
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What is a complication of a URI or influenza?
What is the most causative agents?
Sinusitis?
streptococci, staphylococci, haemophilus influenzae
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Manifestations of sinusitis
tests?
- pain
- dental infections can work way up
- headache, fever, malaise
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Treatment for sinusitis
Complications?
- antibiotics for at least 2 weeks
- decongestants
- mucolytic agents (break mucous bonds)
- analgesics
- periorbital abcess
- can lead to brain absess
- can lead to hearing loss and sepsis
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upper pharynx tonsils=
side tonsils=
pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
palantine tonsils
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bact has high fever and sudden onset
viral has low fever and slow onset
Pharyngitis and tonsilitis
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What tests for phary. and tonsil.?
Why?
strep tests
can lead to heart and kidney issues
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Strep treatment?
penicillin
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I&D
Incision and Drainage
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What to do for a tonsillectomy?
- Keep pt on side
- when awake, semi fowlers
- make sure kids don't clear throat
- no milk
- nothing red
7-10 days scab comes off and may bleed again
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Complications of phar and tonisl?
glomerulonephritis (7-10 days after infection)
rheumatic fever (3-5 weeks after infection)
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Acute rhinitis?
chronic rhinitis?
allergic?
caused by virus--early fall and spring-- contagious 2-3 days after exposure
result of repeated infections or prolonged effects of allergy
dustmites, trees, dander, weeds, etc
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What is the main cause of Epilottitis?
Manifestations?
H. influenza
day or two of sore throat, may have dyspnea, sudden inspiratory stridor with sudden fever
NEED ER!! NO GAG REFLEX!!
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Laryngitis treatment
need even temps. steam helps.
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Treatment of Diptheria?
strict isolation, antioxidants, antibiotics
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Treatment for Pertussis?
erythromycin
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Treatment for Nasal trauma or surgery
reduction of fracture, rhinoplasty
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Complications of nasal trauma or surgery
hematom, septal deviation, tear in dora(??) CSF leak
If dripping clear, see if + for glucose. if it is, then its CSF
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What is some post op care for a deviated septum?
nasal tampon, fowlers, analgesics, mouth care
will lose smell for a week or so
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SMR for deviated septum=
sub mucosal reduction
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Manifestations of Nasal Polyps?
Treatment?
rhinnorrhea, loss of smell, "nasal voice"
laser. have nasal tampon.
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What is the etiology for laryngeal obstruction?
manifestations?
treatment?
edema, foreign body, head of neck trauma, aspiration, laryngospasm
coughing and choking, dyspnea, stridor
Remove obstruction
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Manifestations of laryngeal trauma?
crepitus, voice change, inspiratory stridor, hemoptysis
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Risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea?
age, obesity, large neck circum., alcohol, CNS depressents
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Secondary effects of obstructive sleep apnea?
Manifestations?
Treatment?
Day time sleepiness, impaired intellect, memory loss, personality changes, heart disease
Some of the above plus headache and loud snoring
Polysomnography
EEG (electroencephalogram)
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Laryngeal begign tumors etiology?
Risk factors of melignant tumors?
people who shout, smoke, and have hoarse voices
people who smoke, consue alc, poor nutrition, HPV, expose to asbestos
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Manifestations of larygeal tumors? (three things)
Glottic-- changes in voice and hoarsness
Supraglottic-- painful swallowing, sore throat, feel lump in throat
Subglottic-- airway obstruction
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Treatment for malignant tumors
- radiation therapy (early cancer)
- chemotherapy (combination with r. therapy)
- surgery
- partial laryngectomy-- voice preserved (half of larynx removed)
- total laryngectory-- speech is lost (larynx, epiglottis, thyroid cart., hyoid bon, and several tracheal rings removed)
- radical neck dissection-- if cervial lymp nodes are done
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Nursing care for tumor surgery
suction and trache care, communications are huge, soft food is best
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