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characterstics of a group
- typically is management-directed
- may be formal - to do productive work
- may be informal - for friendship
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characteristics of a team
- self-directed
- work teams, may be organized according to 4 bsic purposes
- - advice
- - production
- - project
- - action
- 2 types of teams
- - quality circles
- - self-managed teams
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group definition
as two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms, share collective goals, and have a common identity
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team definition
a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, ad approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable
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social loafing
the tendency of people to exert less effortwhen working in groups than when workin alone
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groupthink
a cohesive groups blind unwillinges to consider alternatives
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conflict
a rocess in which one party perceive that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party
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negative conflict - bad for organizations
is conflict that hinders the organizatons performance or threatens its interests?
also called dysfunctional conflict
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constructive conflicts - good for organizations
whichbenefits the main purpose of the organization and serves its interests
also called - functional or cooperative conflict
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Seven causes of conflict
- 1. competition for scarce resources: when two parties need the same things
- 2. time pressure: when people believe there aren't enough hours to do the work
- 3. inconsistent goals or reward system: when people pursue different objectives
- 4. Ambiguous jurisdictions: whe job boundaries are unclear
- 5. status differences: when there are inconsistencies in power and influence
- 6. personality clashes when individual differences can't be resolved
- 7. communication failures: when people misperceive and misunderstand
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how to stimulate constructive conflict
- 1. spur competition among employees
- 2. change the organizations cultue and procedures
- 3. bring in outsiders for new perspectives
- 4. use programmed conflict: devil's advocacy and the dialectic method
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a group may involve into a team through 5 stages
- 1. forming is the process of getting oriented and getting acquainted
- 2. storming is characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within a group
- 3. norming, conflicts are resolvd, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge
- 4. performing, members concentrate n slving problems and completing the assigned task.
- 5. adjourning, members prepare for disbandment
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