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What is Endogamy?
Marriage between two people in the same social category
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What is Exogamy?
Marriage between two people in different social categories.
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What is Monogamy?
Marriage between two people
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What is Polygamy?
Marriage between three or more people
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Define Patrilocality
Live in the place of the father's family
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Define Matrilocality
The family lives in the place of the mother's family
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Define Neolocality
The family lives in a new location away from either family.
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What are the functions of a family?
Primary agent of socialization, social hierarchy, and regulation of sexual activities.
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How are childbirth and marital satisfaction related?
Happiness high at birth, low at teenage years, high at empty nest.
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What is the social-change analysis of courtship and marriage?
"I want to date you. What can you offer me? What can I offer you?"
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What is the current divorce rate in the United States? What are the causes?
4/10 marriages end in divorce. Individuality, more acceptable, stress.
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According to Marx, how does religion perpetuate inequality?
Religious beliefs can be used against you (Hitler)
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What aspects of our culture are profane (ordinary)? Sacred?
Home. Prayer and rituals that create a sense of awe and reverence.
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What is Church? State Church?
- Church- Formal Religious organization
- State Church- Church aligned with the state.
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What is a denomination? Sect? Cult?
- Denomination- Not linked to the stateSect- Isolated from society
- Cult- Charismatic leader
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What is secularization?
Historical decline in the influence of religion
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Stages of religious development
- 1. Hunter/Gath: God is in nature
- 2. Horticultural: Worshipped ancestors
- 3. Agrarian: Monotheism/Wrath of God
- 4. Industrial: God of benevolence
- 5. Post Industrial: Personalized religion
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What characteristics make religious fundamentalism distinct?
- 1. Interpret sacred texts literally
- 2. Monotheistic
- 3. Pursue personal experience of God's presence.
- 4. Oppose secular humanism
- 5. Endorse consecutive political goals
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Define education
The social institution through which society provides its members with facts.
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How does schooling perpetuate inequality in a society?
Social control, testing, tracking
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Define School choice, schooling for profit, and charter schools
- School choice: You get a choice
- Schooling for Profit: Private schooling
- Charter schools: Magnet schools
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What is leisure?
Free time that refreshes and renews
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What is work?
Disciplined activity devoted to achieving a goal
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What makes work satisfying? Unsatisfying?
- Satisfying: Doing what you love, creating something, working whole heartedly.
- Unsatisfying: Repetitive, useless tasks.
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What is textual poaching?
Audience members manipulate an original cultural product to create a new one.
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Active consumers and Passive consumers
- Adults are active consumers. Commercials for them focus on escape, social interaction, and personal identity.
- Kids are passive consumers. Commercial affect them directly
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What is demography?
The study of human population
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What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
- Immigration: Moving into a country
- Emigration: Moving out of a country
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What does the US age/sex pyramid suggest about the future?
That our population will stay about the same.
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What did the Malthusian Theory predict?
That the world population will exceed the world's ability to produce food
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What are the stages of the demographic transition theory?
- 1. High birth rates and high death rates
- 2. High birth rates and rapidly falling death rates
- 3. Slow birth rates, slow death rates
- 4. Rapidly falling birth rates, Steady death rates
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What was Durkheim's theory of mechanical and organic solidarity?
- Mechanical: Social bonds based on common sentiments and shared moral values.
- Organic: Special bonds based on specialization and interdependence.
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What is ecology?
The study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment.
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What is environmental racism?
Pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for poor people. Especially minorities.
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How do the three perspectives look at social change?
- Structural Functionalist: its inevitable because of our culture
- Social Conflict: Environmental problems are a result of social conditions that favor the elite.
- Symbolic interaction: How is society experienced?
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