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Arousal or awakening
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
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Chayne-Stokes breathing
Cortical damage
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Decorticate posturing
Cortical damage above midbrain
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Decerebrate posturing
Damage at or below midbrain
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ICP due to problem with the arachnoid villi
Communicating hydrocephalus
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ICP due to problem with the aqueduct of Sylvius
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
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Hydrocephalus a/w genetic or neural tube defect
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
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Mental & growth retardation a/w what type of hydrocephalus?
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
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Apathy, inattentiveness, indifference a/w which type of hydrocephalus?
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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Alzheimer disease what type of hydrocephalus?
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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Dysarthia, dysphagia, masked facies, micrographia, depression, dementia, and bradyphrenia (M’s of)
Parkinson’s disease
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Bradykinesia (def?)
Poverty of associated and voluntary movements
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Bradyphrenia (def?)
Poverty of thought and executive function
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Brief apnea, loc < 5min, BP (M’s of)
Cortical contusion (coup/contracoup)
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Vomiting, seizure, hemiparesis are M’s of what type of hematoma?
Epidural hematoma
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Restless, agitated, slow cognition, pupil dilation, and altered respirations are M’s of what type of hematoma?
Acute or Subacute Subdural hema.
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Recurrent or continual headaches, and progressive dimentia are M’s of what type of hematoma?
Chronic Subdural hematoma
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Confusion, contralateral hemiplegia, and coma are M’s of what type of hematoma?
Intracerebral hematoma
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No loc, and pre & post event amnesia (M’s of)
Concussion
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Loss of reflexes, loc < 6hrs, nausea, fatigue, and mood changes are M’s of what?
Classic cerebral concussion
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Spastic paralysis, impairment of basic body functions, learning and judgment deficits (M’s of)
Diffuse Axon injury (DAI)
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Flaccid with absence of sensation, and poor thermoregulation of lower extremities (M’s of)
Thoracic or lumbar spinal shock
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Spastic movements, and reflex evacuations 3 weeks after spinal trauma (M’s of)
Signals end of spinal shock
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Radiating leg pain; exacerbated by coughing, and straight leg raising (M’s of)
Luminosacral (sciatic) disk herniation
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Contralateral hemiplegia & sensory impairment, and aphasia (M’s of)
Ischemic stroke – carotid circulation
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Neglect syndrome, change in consciousness, impaired cognition (M’s of)
Ischemic stroke – carotid circulationand – right brain damage
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Motor and sensory deficits including nausea, ataxia, diplopsia; M’s dictated by area involved (M’s of)
Ischemic stroke – basilar or vertebral arteries
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Headache, photophobia, stiff neck, and are most often found in the basal ganglia or thalamus (M’s of)
Hemorrhagic stroke
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A/w communicating hydrocefalus, and most common in Circle of Willis (C’s of)
Cerebral aneurysm
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Sudden throbbing headache, stiff neck, visual & motor deficits, and loc (M’s of)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage – rupture
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Headache and seizures not a/w trauma (M’s of)
Astrocytoma (most common glioma)
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Photophobia, fever, chills, bacteria & protein in CSF, low CSF glucose (M’s of)
Meningitis
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Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign a/w what?
Meningitis
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Enlarged lymph nodes, flu-like symptoms, altered mental status (M’s of)
Encephalitis
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CNS disorder a/w West Nile Virus and MMR?
Encephalitis
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Low-grade fever, neck pain/rigidity, visual acuity & field, ocular palsy, dementia (M’s of)
Brain abscess
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CNS disorder a/w ear, jaw, nasal, or oral infection; or dirty needles?
Brain abscess
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Demyelination of the CNS (def)
Multiple Sclerosis
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Demyelination of the peripheral nerves (def)
Guillain Barre Syndrome
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Post-procedure or infection nerve disorder?
Guillain Barre Syndrome
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Progressive paralysis, peaks in 10-14 days (C’s of)
Guillain Barre Syndrome
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B or T-cell mediated nerve disorder paralysis?
Guillain Barre Syndrome
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IgG mediated disorder muscle weakness that improves with rest?
Myasthenia Gravis
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Diplopia, ptosis, ocular palsy (M’s of)
Myasthenia Gravis – cn 3, 4, & 6
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Dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia (M’s of)
Myasthenia Gravis – cn 9 – 12
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Acute paresis or paralysis of cn 7?
Bell’s palsy
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Unilateral facial weakness and/or droop, and trouble blinking (M’s of)
Bell’s palsy
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Non-progressive brain damage that is present at or shortly after birth?
Cerebral palsy
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Fetal hypoxia, hypoglycemia, trauma, infection, or exposure to toxins can cause ___
Cerebral palsy
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Jerky, uncontrolled, movements; difficulty with purposeful and fine movements
Dyskinetic Cerebral palsy
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Encephalopathic damage to a fetus or young child’s basal ganglia (def)
Dyskinetic Cerebral palsy
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Low muscle note at birth, stiff trunk in late infancy, and gait disturbances (M’s of)
Ataxic Cerebral palsy
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