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Chest containers
- Heart
- Major vessles
- Lungs
- Esophagus
- Trachea
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Chest cavity is protect by...?
- Rib cage (12 ribs)
- Sternum
- Spine
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Signs & symptoms of Chest injury
- Difficulty breathing
- Pain when breathing
- Deformity/bruising
- cyonisis
- coughing up blood
- distended neck vains
- Deviated trachea
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Chest Puncture wound (Knife/Bullet)
Result: Sucking chest wound
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signs and symptoms of sucking chest wound
- air passing freely
- hear sucking sound
- lungs fail
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Type of Dressing for Sucking wound
- Occlusive
- air tight
- tape all sides but one corner
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Liver functions
- rich blood supply
- detoxify
- process nutrients
- digets fat
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Spleen Functions
- under diaphram (left side)
- stores blood
- destroys old blood cells
- produces antibodies
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Signs & symptoms of abdominal injury
- External bleeding
- thirst
- protruding organs
- nausea and vomiting
- blood in urine
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Open wound care
- 911
- DO NOT apply pressure
- Remove clothing from wound
- cover with plastic wrap
- DO NOT push organs back in
- Apply moist sterile dressing
- Cover with towel or blanket for warmth
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Care for Embeded object
- Do Not Remove
- (unless in cheeck or in chest when interfering with CPR)
- 911
- stabalize with bulky dressing
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Care for Amputation
- Care for bleeding
- send bystander for body part
- wrap missing part in steril gauze
- place in cold plastic bag
- No direct contact with ice
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Avulsion
Body part still connected/severly severed
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Back boarding techniques
- fingers alway up on at least one hand
- keep back straight and eyes foword
- lift with your legs
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Brain injuries-extreme force
- Symptoms may appear rapidly, or over days
- change in conciousness
- Eratic behavior
- severe headache
- fluid in ears or nose
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Severity of injury
- fall greater than vitims height
- diving
- found unconcious
- blunt force to head
- injury penetrates head
- car crash
- where helmet is cracked or broken
- unconcious in water
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Concussion
- Usually no permanent damage
- unconscious
- loss of memory
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Scalp Injury
- Direct Pressure unless:depression in skull
- spongy
- bone fragments
Put pressure AROUND wound
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Cheeck injury
May remove object
-
Nose bleed
could just be high blood pressure
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Lost teeth
Place in milk till implanted
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Ligament
Bone to bone (joints)
-
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HAINES
High Arm In Endangered Spine
(spine friendly recovery position)
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RICE
Rest Ice Compression Elelvation
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Elbow splint
Bent or Straight
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Splinting guide
- Support injured part
- Cover open wounds
- check circulation and sensation
- Pad rigid splints
- secure splint with cravats, roller bandages, cloth, etc...
- Recheck circulation after applying
- Elevate if possible
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Lower extremities
Ground can be a splint
-
Continue to check...
- ABC's
- Vital signschanges in LOC
- Treat for shock
-
Two types of Splints
- Traction
- serger or J-splint
-
Once a splint is apllied a first responder CANNOT...
let go of victims leg
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Money Buys Lots-of Hot Toys
- Middle Strap
- Bottem Strap
- Legs
- Head Strap
- Top Strap
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When a baby's head becomes visible during birth
Crowning
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A mother should Breath ____ and____ breaths while giving birth
Slow and Deep
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To keep the baby from ermergin to quickly you may...
Put light pressure on the baby's head
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Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Cord comes first, then child
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Breech Birth
Feet or butt first
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With children, you must control your...
Emotional and facial expression
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For children do not _____ during rescue breathing
Heperextend neck (blocks airway)
-
Infants breath through their__
Nose
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With children, Insert the oral (mouth) airway...
Down
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Check children from
Toes to head
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# cause of death in children
injury
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3 types of child abuse
- Physical
- Psychological
- Sexual
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Insect sting: sting present remove...
Without tweezers, Scrape away
-
Signs of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Spotted rash
- Usually on wrist and ankles first
-
Lymes Disease
- Caused by Deer Tick
- Bull-eye Rash appears
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HGE (from ticks)
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
-
Care for Ticks
- Use tweezers to remove
- DO NOT burn off
- Alchohol or antibiotic ointment at site
-
Black widow Spider
Red hourglass on belly
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Brown Recluse spider
Dark Brown Violin shape on top of body
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Care for Scorpion bites/stings
- call 911
- wash wound site
- may need Antivenin
- apply cold pack to reduce swelling
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signs of snake bite
1-2 punture wounds
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Care for snake bites
- wash wound
- call 911
- immobilize infected part
- keep it lower thna the heart
-
DON'TS of snake bites
- apply ice
- cut the wound
- apply tournaquit
- use electric shock
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Portuguese Man-of-War treatment
Soack in vinegar
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Signs of Raibies
Salivate (foaming), appear partially paralyzed, act irretible, aggressive, or quite
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Care for Other animal bites
- Clean wound
- see a doctor
- Do not try to capture the animal
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Human Bites
- Very dirty
- lots of bacterium
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West Nile
- From mosquitoes
- birds and horses are dying...
- Not serious in healthy people
-
Shock
- temporary loss of blood to brain
- blood pools in extremities
- brain shuts down
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Reyes Syndrom
- Do not give Aspirin
- motren
- or tylonal
-
Siezure types
- Petit mal- small seizure
- Grand Mal-full blown
- Tonic- prolonged contractions
- Clonic- Rapid contractions
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Feeling that occurs before seizure
Aura
-
Once a seizure is occuring
- Do NOT attempt to hold or restriain
- Time the seizure
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At risk poluations for inordinate temperature regulation
- Children
- Elderly
- Diuretics (eliminates water)
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Heat emergency sequence
- Heat cramps
- Heat Exhaustion
- Heat Stroke
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Heat cramps
- Treat for shock
- rest and rehydration
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Heat Exhaustion
- Blood is being diverted from essential organs (type of shock)
- Heat cramps are not always first
- don not chill
- can progress to changed in conciousness and heat stroke
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Heat Stroke
- Brain Swells
- red hot skin
- Skin is very dry
- 911
- can result in death
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Heat emergency care
- Call 911 if victim refuses water, vomits, or conciousness fades
- apply cool and wet cloth, ice pack, hose to extremities
- DO NOT immerse
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Cold emergency
- NEVER rub
- body temp 95-90 can no longer shiver
- 86-82 fixated or dialated pupils
- below 82, likely death
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Frostbite
- can blister
- wrap in guaze
- soak affected area in WARM (not hot) water
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Hypothermia
- Body temp below 95 degrees
- if wet- loose heat 25 times faster
- before CPR check pulse for 45 seconds
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Behavioral emergency
- Do not play along
- prepare for potential threat
- MUST GET CONSENT
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Daibetes
- Type I: insulin dependant, developes as a child, body creates little to no insulin
- Type II: Adult onset, lack of diet and exercise, body can't process surgar fast enough
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Signs of Diabetes
- Excess thirst of hunger
- excess urination
- blury vision
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Care for diabetic
- If concious give candy, juice, sugar
- if not better in 5min, call emergency personel
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TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack (minny stroke, signs of oncoming stroke)
-
signs and symptoms of stroke
- Loss of control of parts of the body
- changed in conciousness
- pupils of unequal size
- drooling
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Busts clots
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Poison
Must find out what kind of poison, and how it entered the body
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Sings and Sympotms of Poisoning
- Recognize in your survey the scene
- May be burns around intake site (lips,tongue,skin)
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Poison care
- if vomits, save for analysis
- call poison control
- do not give food or drink unless instructed
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organic poison
- Poison Ivy
- Poison Oak
- Poison Sumac
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Care for Organic poison
- Brush off any dry chemicals
- removed any tainted clothing or jewlery
- flush with water for 15 minutes
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Anphylaxis
Sever alergic reaction
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Packaging
getting victim saftley ready for transport
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ICS
Incident Command System
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ICS personel
- 1) Incident Comander-manages team, decision maker
- 2)Operation section advisor- developes tactics for carry-out plan
- 3)planning Section Officer-keeps incident commander updated, Gathers all scene info including victims, equipment available, and dangers
- 4) Logistics section officer- establishes communication, crowd control, and obtains needed resources
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Triage
Process of sorting victims by need
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Triage checks 3 things:
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Level of conciousness
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3 levels of triage and their colors
- Immediate- red
- Delayed- yellow
- Dead- Black
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Walking wounded
Victims who are being trasported away from scene for their saftey
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Chocking
Block wheels of vehicle from moving
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Electrical hazzard
- Establish perimeter 2x lengths between poles
- approach only after power has been turned off
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SIPSO
- Scene size up
- Initial assesment
- Physical exam
- SAMPLE history
- Ongoing assesment
-
ABC
- Air way
- Breathing
- circulation
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DOTS
- Deformity
- Open injury
- Tenderness
- Swelling
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SAMPLE history
- Sign and symptoms
- Allergies
- Medicines
- Past pertinent history
- last oral intake
- events leading to incident
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When to summon advanced medical care
- unconcious
- difficulty breathing
- shortness of breath
- no breathing
- no pulse
- severe bleeding
- chest pain
- vomiting
- sudden illness
- head/neck/back injury
- broken bones
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Capilary refil
checking circulation in fingur and toes
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While waiting for advance check victim every...
Stable?
Unstable?
-
-
consent
- identify yourself
- state level of training
- explain problem
- explain plan
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Battery
- unlawful of touching w/o consent
- must get consent
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Abandonment
once started, must continue care till help arrives
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Negligence
- Duty to respond
- fail to act
- cause injury
- damage occurs
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Good samaritan law
- move only if absolutly needed
- check/treat life threatening emergency first
- call 911
- get consent
- care only to your ability
- continue to care/monitor
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Confidentiality
- respect privacy
- don't reveal details
- never discuss unless with law or EMT
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Chain of Survival
- citizen resonder
- 911 dispatch
- first responder
- EMT advanced care
- hospital
- rehabilitation
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First responder responsibilities
- Ensure saftey for you and bystanders
- gain access to victim
- determine threats to victim
- Summon more advanced care
- Provide care to victim
- assis medical personal as needed
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Conditions necessary for disease transmition
- pathogen present
- quantiy of infectant
- vulnerable to disease
- correct entry site
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How pathogens enter the body
- Direct contanct (fluid)
- Indirect ( from another object)
- Airborne
- Vector (insects, bites)
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ABC
Adult
child
infant
Check pulse for 10 sec
- Cartoid
- Cartoid
- Brachial artery
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Cycles per minute, rescue breathing
Adult
Child/infant
- 12 cycles per minute
- 20 cycles per minute
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Child CPR
- 30comp/2breaths
- One or two hands on chest
- compress 1-1.5 inches
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Infant CPR
- 2-3 fingers on center of chest
- .5-1 inch
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