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what exactly is a fruit?
riped ovary
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what are the two major categories of dry fruit?
dehiscent and indehiscent
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what is a dehiscent dry fruit?
open to release their seeds along definite lines
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what is indehiscent dry fruit?
doesn't open to release seeds must grow through pericarp
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What is grain?
caryopsis: single seed is entirely fused with the pericarp
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what is achenes?
the single seed is only attached to the pericarp at one point
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what is a nut?
one seed at maturity with a hard sclerifed pericarp
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what is a samara?
a winged achene
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what is a follicle?
split along one side to release seeds from one carpel
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what is a legume?
split along two sides to realse seeds
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what is a capsules?
split along three or more sides or points
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what is a septicidal capsule?
yucca agave. split occures along septum
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what is a loculicidal capsule?
lily; split occurs in locule
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what is a poricidal capsule?
poppy; pores occur at the top of the fruit(acts like a saltshaker)
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what is a fleshy fruit?
at maturity the pericarp consists of sugary, starchy, or fatty parenchyma
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what is a simple fruit?
develop from a flower with one pistil
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what is a compound fruit?
collection of fruits that tend to hold as a single. may be fleshy or dry
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what is a berry?
entire pericarp is fleshy may have one to many carpels and one to many seeds
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what is pepo?
berry with a hard inseparable rind. Example:cucumber
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what is hesperidium?
berry with leathery rind juice sacs develop in locules Citus family
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what is a drupe?
a fleshy fruit with a papery or cartilaginous endocarp and a fleshy mesocarp example: apple or pear
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what is a aggregate fruit?
separate carpels pistils of one flower that stay together. many follicles example; strawberrys, magnolia
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what is multiple fruit?
pineapple, many inferior ovaries and the inflorescence axis are edible
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what is a cotyledons in seeds?
seed leaves pull nutrition from endosperm from embryo
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what is a radicle?
first seed
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what is a plumule?
the first true leaves
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what is hilum?
scar on the seed where the funiculus abscised, where the ovule was attached to the ovary wall
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what is the micropyle?
pore located next to hilum, where water is taken up in some seeds
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what is a seed coat?
protects the seed allow it to stay dormant for long periods of time
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what is the embryo of seeds?
cotyledons, radicle, plumule
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what are the two types of seeds?
albuminous seeds and exalbuminous seeds
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what is an albuminous seeds?
contain endosperm at maturity ie;corn castor bean
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what is an exalbuminous seed?
little or no endosperm at maturity. ie; legumes cacti, and orchids
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what is gemination?
in order to germinate domancy must be broken
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what is scarification?
nicking or breaking seed coat for imbibation to occur
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what is after-ripening?
embryo needs further ripening after fruit has fallen
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what is stratification?
cold temperature treatment is required for germination
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what is environmental regulation?
seeds need specific envionmental conditions to germinate; example water, oxygen, and light or absence of light
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what are the four ways domancy may be broken?
1.scarification 2. after-ripening 3. stratification 4. environmental regulation
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