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Which of the following is NOT a funciton of the repsiratory system?
transport air to & from the cells & tissues throughout the body
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Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?
- provide an area for gas exchange between air & circulating blood
- condition gases before they reach the exchange surfaces of the lungs
- defend respiratory system & other tissues agaist inhaled bacteria
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Which of the following is not a type of capliiary?
elastic
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All of the following are direct branches of the celiac trunk?
- splenic artery
- left gastric artery
- inferior vena cavity
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All of the following are direct branches of the celiac trunk EXCEPT the?
right gastric artery
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Which type of vessel has a large number of smooth muscle cell layers in its tunica media as well as elastic tissue confined to an internal elastic lamina & external elastic lamina?
muscular artery
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Which statement is true about veins?
the largest tunica in a vein is the tunica externa
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Circle the correct pathway that blood flows through the upper limb arteries:
subclavian-->axillary-->brachial-->radial & ulnar
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Which of the following veins typically does not drain directly into the inferior vena cava?
hepatic portal
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After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the?
round ligament of the liver
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Vasa vasorum are found in the tunica _____ of a large blood vessel?
externa
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From the innermost outward, what three laters are found in the walls of both arteries & veins?
unica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
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Which tunic contains circulary arranged laters of smooth muscle cells?
tunica media
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The areolar connective tissue of the _____ helps aanchor the blood vessel to other structures?
tunica externa
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Blood leaving the heart enters large, extremely resilient vessel called?
elastic arteries
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A blood vessel with thin walls, a relatively WIDE lumen, numerous one-way valves, & a diameter greater than 100 micrometers is?
a vein
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Which vessels have thin walls & small diameters that facilitate rapid diffusion of gases & nutrients between blood & body tissues?
capillaries
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Valves in veins serve to?
prevent backflow of blood in the absence of high blood pressure
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Capillaries do not function independently, but rather form interconnected networks called?
capillary beds
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A ring of smooth muscle, the precapillary sphincter, encircles the entrance to each ________?
true capillary
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Which of the following selections is paired correctly?
- continuous capillaries; complete lining of endothelial cells
- fenestrated capillaries; holes within each endothelial cell
- sinusoids; found in bone marrow, the spleen & the liver
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Which of the following selections is paired INCORRECTLY?
continuous capillaries; found in intestinal villi & the kidneys
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Gaps in their walls & relatively large lumens, along with basement membranes that are either discontinuous or absent, allow _____ to transport materials as large as proteins or blood cells in & out of the blood very quickly
sinusoids
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The word root fenestra most nearly means?
window
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At rest, about 60% of the body's blood is normally held by the?
veins
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Compared with those of the system circulation, arteries of the pulmonary circulation?
- have lower blood pressure
- have less elastic tissue & wider lumens
- carry blood that contains less oxygen
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What are the three main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch?
- brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
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The internal carotid arteries do not?
Deliver blood to structures of the neck, pharynx, mandible & face
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Which three arteries branch from the celiac trunk to supply digestive organs?
left gastric, splenic & common hepatic
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Which pair correctly matches an artery with the organ or regionit serves?
obturator, medial thigh
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Veins that drain the head,neck & upper limbs ultimately merge to form the?
superior vena cava
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Which vein collects most of the blood from the lowe limbs, pelvis, perineum & abdominal strutures?
inferior vena cava
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The vens of the gastrointestinal tract all merge into some part of the
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The vens of the gastrointestinal tract all merge into some part of the _______?
hepatic portal system
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Which artery projects from the aortic arch, extending several branches that supply the thoracic wall before changing names inferior to the diaphragm?
descending thoacic aorta
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In fetus, most of the blood is shunted from the right to the left atrium through the?
foramen ovale
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Fetal blood is shunted from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through which of the followin?
ductus arteriosus
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The word root, varix, as used in ''varicose,'' appropriately translates as?
dilated vein
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Which stuctures are found only in arteries?
internal & external elastic laminae
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In terms of both composition & relative position, the ______ of the heartis most similar to the _______ of vessels walls?
endocardium; tunica intima
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Compared with larger arteries, smaller arteries tend to have less _______ in their walls & more ______.
elastic tissue; smooth muscle
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Which type of true capillaries aer enveloped, in certain locations, by the perivascular feet of asrocytes?
continuous capillaries
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The cyclical contracting & relaxing of _______ tat alters blood flow through capillary beds about 5-10 times per minute is called ______?
precapillary sphincters; vasomotion
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Although both are performed by smooth muscle, _______ raises blood pressure while _______ primarily affects nutrients delievery?
vasconstriction; vasomotion
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Because, at rest, they hold about ______ of the body's raises blood pressur while _______ primarily affects nutrients delivery?
60%; veins
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Which structure are called the "functional units" of the cadiovascular system?
capillaries
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At any given moment, which cardiovascular components contain the most blood?
the systemic veins & venules
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The ______ are to the walls of large blood vessel as te coronary vessels ar to the myocardium?
vasa vasorum
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Which of the following carry oxygenated blood only? (1)systemic arteries (2)sysemic veins (3)pulmonary arteries (4)pulmonary veins
- systemic arteries
- pulmonary veins
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The aorta & its primary branches are all _______ arteries, as is the pulmonary trunk?
elastic
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Upon leaving the capillares supplied by celiac & the superior & inferior mesenteric arteries, blood flows into the?
hepatic portal system
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Arrange the names given to successive portion of the vessel that continue from the braciocephalic trunk to supply the right upper limb: (1)radial artery (2)axillary artry (3)branch artery (4) subclavian artery
- subclavian artery
- axillary artery
- brachial artery
- radial artery
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In the fetus, oxygenated blood returning from the placenta is shunted away from the liver by the?
ductus venosus
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At birth, the ______ replaces the hole in the interatrial septum that has the same name as a hole in the sphenoid bon of the skull?
fossa ovalis
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The ductus arteriosus closes at birth, leaving a fibrous remnant, the ligamentum?
arteriosum
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Nasal cavty?
air enters by passing to the external nose
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Epiglottis?
closes trachea when swallowing
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Vocal folds?
vibrates to create speech
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Tracheal cartilage?
supports trachea
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Bronchial tree?
brings air into lungs
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Pulmonary veins (red)?
bring oxygen rich blood to heart
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Pulmonary arteries (blue)?
bring oxygen low blood to lungs
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Diaphragm?
raises during inspiration
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Mayor + minor calyx?
collects urine from renal pyramids
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Renal pelvis?
collects urine to pass to ureter
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Ureter?
sends urine to bldder from kidney
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Urinary bladder?
stores urine
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Urethra?
exit for urineout of the body
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Clitoris?
swells during sexual stimulation
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Vagina?
passage way for birth
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Gervix?
keeps uterus closed during pregnancy
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Uterine tube?
site for fertilization
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Fimbriae?
causes current to move egg
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Vas Deferens?
passage way for sperm
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Seminal vesicle?
contains most semen
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Prostate?
secrets 1/3 of semen
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Bolbourethral gland?
lubrication
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Name the structures which contains the vocal cords?
larynx
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Name the three divisons of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, lartngopharynx
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What makes up the respiratory membrane?
The wall of teh alveolus & the wall of the capillary
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Name & state the function of the two types of cell which make up an alveolus?
- Type I-exchange
- Type II-secrete sufactant
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What are the air-exchange chambers of the lung called?
Alveoli
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What is the action of the diaphragm called when it contracts & a person inspires?
Superiorinferior expansion
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Name the substance which prevents alveoli from collapsing during exhalation?
Surfactant
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What cavity are the lungs located in?
Pleural
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Name the structure which prevents the trachea from collapsing & keep te airway open despite pressure chnges durin breathing?
Cartilage C-rings
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Name the laryngeal cartilage which is caled te "guardian of the airways."
epiglottis
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