Med Term Chapter 5.txt

circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases

circulation of blood

circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

Vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

Tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

Small vessels that recieve blood from the arteries

Tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

Small vessels that recieve blood from the arteries

Large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle

Vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles

Valves located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart

Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

Structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood

Lower right or left chamber or heart

Fluid filled cavity between the pericardial layer

Layer closest to the heart

Protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between

Heart Muscle

Partition between the right and left ventricles

Partition between the right and left atria

Membrane lining the cavities of the heart

Upper right or left chamber of the heart

Ventricle (belly or pouch)

Swollen twisted vein

Vein

Clot

Pulse

Chest

Muscle

Circle or crown

Heart

Atrium

Fatty paste

Artery

Aorta

The pacemaker; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV

Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that recieves and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His

Neurological fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers

Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles causing them to contract

Resting; resting state of a myocardial cell

Change of a myocardial cell from a polarized state to a state of contraction

Recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state

Regular rhythm of heart cycle stimulated by the SA node

A widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or aquired weakness

A sac like bulge on one side

A spindle shaped bulge

A split or tear of the vessel wall

Chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle; often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries

A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within walls of arteries

A swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat

To limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply

Compression of a part that causes narrowing

Profuse sweating

A clot carried in the bloodstream that obstructs the flow of blood when it lodges

An abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in chambers or valves

To stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel

To hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel

Lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion etc

Plugging; an obstruction or a closing off

Subjective evidence of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats

Conditiob of narrowing of a part

a stationary blood clot

To grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection

Signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus or spasm within coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue

Any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythn of the heartbeat

Slow heart rate

Chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

A ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node

Fast heart rate

A bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

Compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart

A general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Malformations of the heart that are present at birth

An opening in the septum separating the atria

Narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after death

An opening in the septum seperating the ventricles

Failure of the left ventricle to pump and adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

Enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs

A condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

Persistently high blood pressure

High blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risk include smoking, obesity, increase salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

Essential hypertension

High blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease

Protusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

Heart attack; death of myocardial tissue caused by loss of blood flow or ischemia as a result of an occlusion of thd coronary artery

Inflammation of myocardium

Inflammation of the pericardium

Damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever

The abrupt cessation of any cardiac output

Formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occuring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

Inflammation of a vein

Inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

Abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

Physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope

Abnormal heart sound that mimics the gait of a horse

an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with letters P,Q,R,S and T, which correspond to events of the cardiac cycle

electrocardiogram of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or ergometer (bicycle); useful in detecting heart conditions

portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours; useful in detecting periodic abnormalities

invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias; intracardiac catheter ablation may be performed at the same time to treat the arrhythmia

use of radiofrequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites that generate abnormal electrical pathways

magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluation of pathology

radionuclide organ imaging of the heart after administration of radioactive isotopes to visualize structures and to analyze functions

scan of the heart made after and intravenous injection of an isotope as it is absorbed by myocardial cells in proportion to blood flow throughout the heart; useful in evaluating coronary artery disease

nuclear perfusion scan of the heart that is made before and after the induction of controlled physical exercise or a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect or exercise stress in patients who are unable to ambulate

nuclear image of the beating heart in motion made as radioactive isotopes are injected in the bloodstream and traced through the heart's chambers; useful in evaluating the pumping function of the ventricles

use of specialized nuclear isotopes and computed tomographic techniques to produce perfusion images and to study the cellular metabolism of the heart; can be performed at rest or with stress

x-ray imaging

process of x-ray imaging a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium, most commonly after catheter placement

record obtained by angiography

introduction of a flexible, narrow tube through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of bood, to measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and to inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries

x-ray imaging of the left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries

measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart

x-ray image of the ventricles

measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction

measurement of the amount of blood ejected per minute from either ventricle of the heart

measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction

specialized, noninvasive, three-dimensional computed tomographic scan of the heart and circulation of the "greater" blood vessels, such as the coronary arteries, aorta, and pulmonary veins; performed with or without contrast

sonographic imaging

recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion

echocardiogram of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise or a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients who are unable to ambulate

echocardiogram of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus

ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a deep vein thrombosis or carotid insufficiency, or to determine flow through heart, chambers, valves, and so on

grafting a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue

opening; the joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other

surgical removal of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque buildup

• surgery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial valve
• Tissue valves (animal) and mechanical valves (artificial)

surgical repair of a defective heart valve

intervential procedures used to treat coronary artery disease performed at the time of cardiac catherterization in a specialized laboratory setting instead of the traditional operating room

use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and to select the mode of therapy

excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue buildup

a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium

implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and assure its patency (openness)

termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering an electrical stimulus to the heart

device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defibrillation

restoration of a fast or irregular heart rate to a normal rhythm, either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy

• an implanted, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads
• monitors cardiac impulses and initiates and electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia

restoration of a fast or irregular heart rate to a normal rhythm, either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy

a device used to treat slow heart rates by electrically stimulating the heart to contract

drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotensin in the blood by the angiotensin-converting enzyme

drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris

drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia

drug that prevents clotting of blood

drug that lowers blood pressure

agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity, casuing a slowing of electrical condcution and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels

agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation

drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart

drug that increases the secretion of urine

drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol

drugs used to dissolve thrombi

drug that causes a narrowing of the blood vessels

drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels