-
What are you two defenses against microbes?
- 1.) Innate (non-immune and non-specific)
- 2.) Immune
-
What differentiates the immune system from other body systesm?
- The tissues and organs in this system are NOT directly connected.
- It is also associated with the circulatory system (mobility) and the nervous system.
-
Zinc's definition of the immune system...
"A dispersed collection of cells, tissues & organs, functioning to defend the organism from foreign invasion."
-
What are the components of the immune system?
- 1.) Spleen
- 2.) Lymph nodes
- 3.) bone marrow
- 4.) Thymus
- 5.) MALT*
-
What is MALT comprised of and where are they located?
- *Mucous associated lymphoid tissue*
- Lining all lumens with access to the outside world.
- 1.) Tonsils (2 in nasal passages, 2 in throat, 1 at base of tongue)
- 2.) Appendix (off of the large intestine)
- 3.) Peyer's patches (in the wall of the small intestine)
-
What function do the MALT organs serve?
They contain immune cells that keep the body's microbial populations at controllable numbers.
-
How can large numbers of bacteria cause a problem in the body?
They produce large amounts of toxic metabolic waste.
-
Aside from the small intestine, where else are Peyer's patches expected to exist?
The lining of the respiratory, reproductive, and urinary system.
-
Why are the MALT organs located just underneath mucous linings?
- Mucous is not 100% effective at trapping invaders.
- MALT organs are the next line of defense.
-
List the functions of the Spleen.
- 1.) Stores excess erythrocytes (physiological)
- 2.) Repair usable erythrocytes (physiological)
- 3.) Principle center for antibody production (immunological) - the spleen filters blood for the presence of foreign organisms
*RBC's live for about 120 days.
-
Define antibody.
A protein with the ability to bind a specific structure on the surface of a foreign organism.
-
What are lymph nodes?
- Pea sized structures located all over your body (mostly in the trunk) that filter interstitial fluid.
- They number in the thousands.
-
How much interstitial fluid enters the lymph system (rather than being absorbed back into circulation)?
10-15%
-
Why is bone marrow an immune organ?
It produces all of the body's blood cells, including the white blood cells (leukocytes).
-
What is the function of the Thymus?
It is the principle center for the maturation of T-cells.
-
What is the difference between WBC's and immune cells?
All immune cells are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are immune cells.
-
What is another name for immune cells?
Lymphocytes.
-
List the types of lymphocytes.
- 1.) B-cells
- 2.) T-cells
- 3.) NK (natural killer) cells
-
Where do B-cells originate and mature?
In the bone marrow.
-
Where do T-cells originate and mature?
T-cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in the Thymus.
-
List the body's leukocytes (excluding lymphocytes).
- 1.) Basophils
- 2.) Neutrophils
- 3.) Eosinophils
- 4.) Platelets
- 5.) Mast cells
- 6.) Macrophages
-
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting.
-
What is the function of Mast cells?
To initiate the inflammatory response.
- * They are found everywhere in the body (as they travel through circulation).
- * They are produced in the bone marrow and in the liver.
-
What is the body's "clean-up and healing process?"
The inflammatory response.
-
What do Mast cells produce to initiate the inflammatory response (as a result of injury, for ex.)?
Histamines.
-
What effects do histamines have on the body?
- 1.) Dilate blood vessels
- 2.) Increase permeability of blood vessel walls
- 3.) Recruit important cells to area
- 4.) Contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle*
-
True or false?
The immune response is not the same as the inflammatory response.
- True.
- But they do go "hand in hand."
-
What function do Basophils serve?
- Initiation of the inflammatory response (with histamines).
- However, they do not leave the blood. Therefore, they are suspected to be messenger cells as well.
- Comprise 0.5% of WBC's.
-
What functions do neutrophils serve?
- They are phagocytic cells.
- They are the most abundant WBC, comprising about 60%.
-
What function do eosinophils serve?
- Defend against parasites (particularly helminths).
- They contain potent digesting enzymes and can be somewhat phagocytic.
- Comprise 1-3% of WBC's.
|
|