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Sedative
- -reduce the desire for physical activity
- -Prescribed after a heart attack or some other condition when overexertion may be harmful and mental condition
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Hypnotics
-Prescribed to induced and maintain sleep
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REM “rapid eye movement”
- **important**
- -dreaming and mental physical respiratory
- -approximately 20 to 25% of total sleep time
- -neuron rechargeable
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NREM “non rapid eye movement”
- -physical
- -restore your body, muscle, and relax
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BARBITIURATES
- -lower doses, barbiturates increase GABA. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS that reduces neuronal excitability especially in the reticular activating excitability
- -Increase effects of GABA reduces brain activity and promotes sleep
- **There is no antidote for barbiturate overdose**
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Barbiturates:
- pentobarbital(Nembutal)-immediate, 4 to 6hr
- pentobarbital(Luminal)-Long 6 to 12hr, used to treat severe epilepsy
- secobarbital(Seconal)-Short,2 to 4hr
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Nonbarturates:
- chloral hydrate(Noctec)-short, 2 to 4hr
- zolpidem(Ambien)-Short, 2 to 4hr, sleep aid
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Benzodiapines:
- flurazepam(Dalmane)-Long 6 to 12hr
- Diazepam(Valium)-Short 2 to 4hr
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Patient teaching
- -monitor vital signs and pt response when barbiturates and benzodiazepines are administered parenterally
- -explain the potential drug side effects: excessive drowsiness, mental confusion, and a drug hangover effect the following day
- -Explain to pt. the dangers of activities such as driving while under the influence of sedative and hypnotics drugs
- -explain to pt. the danger of combining alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs with sedatives and hypnotics
- -remind pt. that these drugs should not be used for more then 2 wk at a time unless otherwise instructed
- -warm pt. of the potential for drug dependency when hypnotics are used continuously for prolonged periods
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