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efferent neuron
motor neuron: CNS to muscle/gland
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afferent neuron
sensory neuron: receptors (anywhere) to CNS
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motor neuron
efferent neuron: CNS to muscle/gland. GO DO SOMETHING
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sensory neuron
afferent neuron: any receptor back to the CNS. I FEEL SOMETHING
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synapse is the space between
axon terminal's nerve impulse and neuron/muscle cell/gland cell
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inability to comprehend senses even though they are intact
AGNOSIA
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alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
clonic spasm
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paresthesia
numbness, prickling, tingling or heightened sensitivity
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trephination
circular cut into skull to relieve intracranial pressure
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a nervous impulse results in either
activity or inhibition
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2 kinds of cells in the whole nervous system
neurons and neuroglia
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most nerves are composed of efferent AND afferent, this is called
mixed nerves
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dendrites add extra surface area for
receiving impulses from other neurons
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white, lipoid covering on many axons
myelin sheath
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myelin sheath does 2 things
- electrical insulator to keep the impulse from hitting nearby nerves
- accelerator
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white matter is white because it is
myelinated
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gray matter is gray because it
is not myelinated
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the neurotransmitter goes across the synapse to receptor sites on the dendrites, where it generates the next electrical stimulus. THEN, the receiving neuron
inactivates the neurotransmitter, preventing unwanted continued stimulation
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neuroglia means
nerve-glue
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neurilemma/neurolemma
the wrapping around a Schwann cell
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CNS
brain and spinal cord
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PNS
12 pair cranial nerves and 31 pair spinal nerves
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ascending nerve tracts
sensory. upward.
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descending nerve tracts
motor. downward.
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the three meninges
- dura (outer)
- arachnoid
- pia (inner)
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meninges and spaces
- dura
- subdural
- arachnoid
- subarachnoid
- pia
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spinal nerves: anterior root contains motor, posterior contains
sensory
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SNS (somatic)
voluntary movement. it innervates skeletal muscles. walking, talking
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ANS (autonomic)
involuntary. innervates glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles. digestion, heart contraction
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ANS (autonomic) is divided into (2)
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
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these nerve fibers produce vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, elevated BP, slowing of GI
sympathetic
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these nerve fibers produce vasodilation, slower heart rate, lower BP, normal GI
parasympathetic
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gli/o
glue, neuroglial tissue
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para-
near, beside, beyond
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