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4 types opf drugs
- Relieve pain
- Regulate/Maintain
- Prevent disease
- Fighting pathogens
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Medicine that prevent disease
Vaccine
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Drugs that fight pathogens
Antibiotic
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Antibiotic
Kill/reduce harmful bacteria
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Medicines that relieve pain
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Analgesics
Over-the-counter (OTC)
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Medicines that regulate/maintain
Allergy medicine, insulin, etc.
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Interaction
use medicines simultaneously
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Antagonistic interaction
one medicine cancels out the effects of the other
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Additive interaction
two medicines help each other and WORK TOGETHER. (Pain killer & muscle relaxant)
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Synergisitc interaction
Medicines increase the effects of the other. These BOOST.
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4 ways to get medicine into the body
- 1. Injection
- 2. Inhalation- goes into blood
- 3. Absorbtion (patches)- absorbed through skin into blood
- 4. Injestion- pill
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Gateway drugs
- Where addicts/abusers start
- alchohol
- tobacco
- marijuana
- medicines
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Addiction cycle
- Substance to the brain
- Stimulates the release of dopamine (pleasure chemical)
- Dopamine wears off
- More substance
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Addictive drug
substance that causes physiological or physchological dependance. (Nicotine)
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Nicotine
Addictive drug in tobacco leaves
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Stimulant
Drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, heart, and organs. (Nicotine)
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Carcinogen
- cancer-causing substance
- Cigarrettes- group A
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Tar
Thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
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Carbon monoxide
colorless, odorless poisonous gas
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Smokeless tobacco
Tobacco sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.
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Leukoplakia
White spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into cancer.
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Consequences
- Legal- under 18
- Social- gross & 2nd-hand smoke
- Financial- 1 pack/day = $2,000/yr
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Why people smoke
- Stress relief
- Parents do
- Alchohol
- Rebelling
- Attention
- Peer pressure
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Long-term physical effects
- Yellow nails & teeth
- Skin discolor
- Dry skin
- Thin, unhealthy hair
- Yellowing eyes
- Poor circulation
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Short-term physical effects
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Lung effects
- Chronic bronchitis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
- Emphysema
- Cancer
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Heart effects
- "Wear and tear"
- Arteries constrict, less blood to heart
- Arteriosclerosis
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Digestive
- Dull taste
- Increase stomach acid -> ulcer
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Surgeon general
Gov appointed head doctor in the country
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Fetus effects
- Lack of oxygen -> premie, low weight, not fully developed
- Miscarriage & still birth
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ETS
Environmental tobacco smoke (2nd-hand)
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Mainstream
- Smoke smoker exhales
- Less harmful (been filtered a little)
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Sidestream
Directly from cigarette
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