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Codominance
The expression of two different alleles of gene in a heterozygote
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Hemophilia
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive alele and charachterized by excessive bleeding following injury
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Red-green colorblindness
- A category of common sex-linked human disorders involving several genes
- on the X chromosome and characterized by a malfunction of light
- sensitive cells in the eyes; affects mostly males but also homozygous
- females
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Carrier
An individual who is heterozygous for a recessively inherited disorder and who therefore does not show symptoms of that disorder
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Recessive allele
In heterozygotes, the allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype
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testcross
- The mating between an individial of unknown genotype for a particular
- character and an individual that is homozygous recessive for that same
- character
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Monohybrid cross
A mating of individuals differing at one genetic locus
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Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
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Hypercholesterolemia
An inherited human disease characterized by an excessively high level of cholesterol in the blood
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Chromosome theory of inheritance
A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns
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F2generation
The offspring of the F1 generation. F2 stands for second filial
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Law of independant assortment
A general rule of inheritance, first proposed by Gregor Mendel, that states that when gametes form during meiosis, each pair of alleles for a particular character segregate (seperate) independantly of each other pair
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
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Dihybrid cross
A mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci
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Punnett square
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization
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inbreeding
The mating of close relatives
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Sex-linked gene
A gene located on a sex chromosome
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Linkage map
A map of a chromosome showing the relative positions of genes
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Phenotype
The expressed traits of an organism
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Polygenetic inheritance
The additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic characteristic
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Alleles
An alternative version of a gene
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Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
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Trait
a variant of a character found within a population, such as purple flowers in pea plants
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achondroplast
A form of homan dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele. the homozygous condition is lethal
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Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a given gene
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Hybrids
The offspring of parents of two different species or two different varieties of one species; the offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes
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True-breeding
- Referring to organisms for which sexual reproduction produces offspring
- with inherited traits identical to those of the parents. The organisms
- are homozygous for the characteristics under consideration
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P generation
The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance. P stands for parental
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Locus
The particular site where a gene s found on a chromosome. homologous chromosomes have corresponding gene loci
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heterozygous
Having two different allele for a given
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ABO
Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood group phenotypes, also called blood types are A, B, AB, and O
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Rules of mutiplication
A rule stating that the probability of a compound event is the product of the seperate probabilites of the independent events
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Pedigree
A family tree representing the occurance of heritable traits in parents and offspring across a number of generations
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Recombination frequency
With respect to two given genes, the number of recombinant progeny from a mating divided by the total number of progeny/ Recombinant progeny can carry combinations of alleles different from that seen in either of the parents as a result of independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over.
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Sickle-Cell Disease
A genetic disorder in which the red blood cells have abnormal hemoglobin molecules and take on an abnormal shape
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Huntingtons disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms
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incomplete dominance
a type of inheritance in which the phenotpe of a heterozygote (Aa) is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two types of homozygotes (AA and aa)
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Dominant Allele
In a heterozygote, the allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene
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Law of Segregation
a general rule of inheritance, first proposed by Gregor Mendel. the states that two alleles in a pair segregate (separate) into different gametes during meiosis
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Character
A heritable feature that varies among individuals within a population, such as flower color in pea plants
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F1 generation
The offspring of two parental (p. generation) individuals. F1 stands for first filial
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wild-type trait
The trait most commonly found in nature
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Pleiotropy
the control of more than one phenotypic character by a single gene
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linked genes`
Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they are usually inherited together
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