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What happens when cancer is untreated?
Reduced immunity and blood-producing function
GI problems
Motor snd sensory deficits
Decreased respiratory function
Define Cachexia?
extreme body wasting and malnutrition
Prophylactic surgery
The removal of 'at risk' tissue to prevent cancer development
Diagnostic surgery
Biopsy
The removal of all parts of a suspected lesion for exam and testing
Curative surgery
Focused on removal of all cancer tissue
Cancer control
Cytoreductive
Removing part of the tumor and leaving a known amount of gross tumor
Palliative surgery
Improves quality of life during the survival time and is not focused on the cure
Second-look surgery
Rediagnosis after treatment
Reconstructive surgery
Increase function or enhances appearance or both
X - Rays
radiation hat is generated by a machine
Exposure
The amount of radiation delivered to a tissue
Radiation dose
The amount of radiation absorbed by the tissue
R.A.D.
Radiation Absorbed Dose
Teletherapy
Distant therapy
Source is external
Pt is not radioactive
Brachytherapy
Short or close therapy
Source is within the pt
Pt is radioactive
Chemotherapy
The treatment of cancer with chemical agents
What is it called when chemo is used with surgery or radiation?
Adjuvant
Types of chemotherapy drug classes?
Antimetabolites
Antitumor antibiotics
Antimitotics
Akylating agents
Toposomerase inhibitors
Define nadir
The time when bone marrow activity and WBC counts are at the lowest level
Extravasation
The movement of the IV needle so the drug leaks into the surrounding tissues
Vesicants
chemicals that damage tissue on direct contact
Cytoprotectants
agents with drugd that protect specific healthy cells
How is chemotherapy administered?
On regular basis
Timed to maximize cance cell kills
according to pt reesponse to therapy
Every 3-4 weeks for a specified # of times
Biological Response Modifier drugs
Stimulate the immune system to produce cells
Interleukins
Help immune system recognize and destroy cancer cell
Interferons
help cancer cells revert to original characteristics
Monoclonal antibioties
Bind with the cell and prevent cell division
Sepsis
condition in which organisms enter the bloodstream
TX
Prevention
Iv antibiotics
Anticoagulants
Cryoprecipitated clotting factor
Septic shock
Life-threatening result of sepsis and a common cause of death in patients with cancer
SE of Hormonal manipulation
Gynecomastia
Feminine manifestations in men
maculine manifestations in women
Photodynamic therapy
Selective destruction of cancer cells through a chemical reaction triggered by different types of laser light
Sensitivity to light up to 12 weeks after injected
Gene Therapy
(Human leukocyte antigen HLA)
(Cytokines IL-2)
ExperimentalMakes tumors mor susceptable to damage or death by other treatments
Injects tumor cells with HLA or IL-2 enabling the immune system recognize cancer cells as foreign and kill them
Targeted therapy
Combination of gene therapy and immunotherapy
SE allergic reaction in skin, GI tract and mucous membranes
Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Water is reabsorbed to excess by the kidney and put into system circulation
Tx
Paient safety
Restore normal fluid balance
Provide supportive care
Spinal Cord Compression (SCC)
when tumor is on spine
Tx
Palliative
Surgery
Corticosteroids
Radiation
Back and neck braces
Hypercalcemia
S/S:
Paralytic illus, polyuria,dehydration
Tx:
Oral hydration
NS IV
Drug therapy
Dialysis
Superior vena cava syndrome
(SVC)
When it is suppresed by a tumor
Oncologic emergency
S/S:
Stoke's sign
Erythema
Epitaxis
Edema
Tumor lysis
Large # of tumor cells destroyed rapidly
positive sign tx is working from chemotherapy or radiation
Author
blkbunny20
ID
51762
Card Set
dmrn105c
Description
Cancer treatment
Updated
2010-11-27T20:15:10Z
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