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Define "solution".
homogeneous mixture of two substances
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Define "solvent".
the substance present in a larger quantity in the mixture
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Define "solute".
substance present in the smaller quantity in the mixture.
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Define "concentration".
perportion of solute to solvent.
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Define "concentrated solution".
solution with a large amount of solute compared to solvent.
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Define "diluted solution".
solution with a relatively small amount of solute compared to solvent.
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What two tests should be performed when using water in an experiment?
1.Litmus
2.Conductivity
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What does "ppm" stand for?
parts per million.
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What is one ppm equivalent to?
one milligram/ litre
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What does "ppb" stand for?
parts per billion.
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What is one ppb equivalent to?
one µg/ litre
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What is the formula for calculating amount concentration?
C=n/v
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_______compounds are conductive.
a)ionic
b)molecular
c)acidic
ionic and acidic compounds are conductive.
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________compounds are non-conductive
a)ionic
b)molecular
c)acidic
molecular compounds are non-conductive
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What are the steps involved in preparing a solution?
1.Calculate the moles required to make the volume and concentration.
2.Calculate the mass required in moles.
3. Weigh out the mass required.
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What formula is used to calculate the moles required for a specific volume and concentration?
C=n/v or n=Cv
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What formula is used to calculate the mass in the moles required for a specific concentration of a solution?
n=m/M
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What kind of flask is used when creating a solution?
A volumetric flask
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What line is used to take a measurment from on a volumetric flask?
The lower line.
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In a dilution, the initial concentration of the solution is _________ or _________ than that of the final solution.
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What formula is used when calculation dilutions?
CiVi = CfVf
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If a substance dissolves in water and the ions separate, becoming surrounded by water, the solution created is _________.
an ionic solution.
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If a polar molecule dissolves in water and molecular bonds are broken and ionic bonds are not, the solution is ___________.
a molecular solution.
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If ions in an ionic substance stay bonded together and form a solid, what should you do?
Check the periodic table for solubility of the substance.
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If ions do not separate, it is said they do not __________.
dissociate.
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If ions in a solution separate, it is said that they __________.
dissociate.
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What are the four things substances can do when added to a solution?
1.Dissociate
2.Separate
3.Ionize
4.Remain unchanged
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Ionic compounds that are soluble _________.
dissociate.
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Molecular compounds that are soluble __________.
separate.
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Substances that ionize in solution form _____.
acids.
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Compounds with a H+ ion are often ______.
acids.
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Explain why some substances may not change when put into a solution.
A very small amount of the solute dissociates and the rest remains solid.
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What happens when slightly soluble ionic solute is added to solvent?
no change occurs.
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Would Sr(OH)2(s) be ionic, molecular or acidic?
Ionic, as it has both a metal and a non-metal.
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Would Sr(OH)2(S) be electrolytic or non-electrolytic?
Electrolytic, as it is an ionic compound.
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What entities would be present in a solution containing water and Sr(OH)2(s)?
Sr2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq)
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Would NH3(g) be ionic, acidic or molecular?
Molecular, as it contains two nonmetals.
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Would NH3(g) be electrolytic or non-electrolytic?
Non-electrolytic, as it is molecular.
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Would NH3(g) undergo separation dissociation or no change?
Separation, as it is polar.
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Define the term "saturated solution".
A solution with the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.
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Define the term "unsaturated solution".
A solution where the solvent is able to dissolve more solute at a given temperature.
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Define the term "supersaturated solution".
A solution in which there is more dissolved solute than the solubility indicates for a given temperature.
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Solids have a _______ solubility in water that is at higher tempteratures.
higher.
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Gases have a higher solubility in water at ________ temperatures.
lower.
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Why do gases have lower solubility in hot water?
- Hot water has more kinetic energy than cold water.
- Colder water = less movement= a
- better ability to hold gases.
- Gases are able to escape less quickly from cold water than hot water.
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__________ generally have a low solubility in water.
Elements.
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In polar molecules, solubility increases when the water temperature ___________.
increases.
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Polar liquids that do not dissolve are said to be ___________.
immiscible.
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What kind of polar molecules tend to dissolve completely in water to any proportion?
Small polar molecules (short chain) with hydrogen bonds will completely dissolve in water to any proportion.
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Polar liquids that dissolve are said to be __________.
miscible.
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Solution equilibrium occurs when:
The concentration becomes constant/ the solute stops dissolving and the solvent is saturated.
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Would BaCO3(s) form an ionic, molecular or acid solution?
Ionic, as it contains both a metal and a non-metal.
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Would BaCO3(s) form an electrolytic or non-electrolytic solution?
Electrolytic, as it is ionic.
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Would BaCO3(S) undergo dissociation, deparation, ionization or no change when in solution?
No change
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