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the central nucleus of commercial land uses in the city
Central Business District(CBD)
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area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD
zone in transition
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nodal concentrations of shopping and office space that are situated on the outer fringes of metropolitan areas. typically near major highway intersections
edge cities
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the movement into older , centrally located working class neighbourhoods by higher0income households seeking the character and connivence of less expensive and well located residences
gentrification
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the territorial and residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of people
congregation
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population subgroups that are seen or that see themselves as somehow different from the general population
minority groups
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the spatial separation of specific population subgroups within a wider population
segregation
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a hypothetical, uniform plane-flat and with no variations in its physical attributes
isotropic surface
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a process of neighbourhood change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another
invasion and succession
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an attempt to remake cities in ways that would reflect the higher values of society, using neo-classical architecture, grandiose street plans, parks and inspirational monuments and statues
City Beautiful Movement
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an attempt to plan cities in ways that combine the benefits of urban living with the spaciousness and environmental quality of rural life.
Garden City Movement
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a style of urban design that sought to combine the best elements of all the classic architectural styles
Beaux Arts
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the idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run as machines are
modern movement
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a style characterized by a diversity of architectural styles and elements often combine in the same building or project
postmodern urban design
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the juxtaposition in geographical space of the formal and informal sectors of the economy
dualism
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transmission of poverty and deprivation from one generation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local neighbourhood conditions
cycle of poverty
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a subset of the poor isolated from mainstream values and the formal labour market
underclass
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an effect resulting from the absorption and radiation of thermal energy by buildings and roads, together with the heat generated by urban living, which causes the average city to be warmer than its surrounding countryside
urban heat island
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the state of working less than full time, even though the people concerned would prefer to work more hours
underemployment
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