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What are some characteristics of Metatherians?
- · Viviparous
- · Lack a placenta
- · Short gestational period – immature young nourished in a marsupium (pouch)
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Examples of Metatherians?
marsupials (pouch-bearing) [Koala, Tasmanian devil, Virginia opossum, kangaroo)
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Examples of Therian mammals?
(marsupials and eutherians)
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Examples of Prototherian mammals?
Duck-billed platypus, Echidna (spiny ant eater)
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What are some characteristics of Prototherian mammals?
- · Oviparous
- · Lack a placenta
- · Have a cloaca
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Therians (most) do what?
give birth to live young
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Prototherians do what?
lay eggs
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What are two major groups of mammals?
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What is some characteristics of
Mammals?
- · Mammary glands that produce milk
- · Hair or fur
- · Sweat glands
- · 4-chambered heart
- · Teeth specialized for diverse diets
- · Lungs with diaphragm for ventilation
- · Internal fertilization
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Examples of Neognath birds?
(Mandarin duck, Frigate bird, Barn owl, Brown thrasher, Flamingo, King penguin)
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Examples of Paleognath birds?
(rhea, ostrich, emu, kiwi, cassowary)
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Oldest known fossil is?
Archaeopteryx
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Birds are living representatives of what lineage?
dinosaur
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Birds?
- · Feathers – allow flight; provide insulation
- · Forelimbs modified as wings
- · Light weight bones filled with air spaces
- · Endothermic (maintain body temperature via metabolism)
- · Lungs with air sacs – permit unidirectional flow of air through lungs
- · Major agents of see dispersal
- · Some exhibit elaborate courtship displays
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What are some characteristics of Crocodilians?
- · Carnivorous (eat vertebrates)
- · Female guards eggs until hatching occurs
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Snakes?
carnivorous; many inject venom into prey; some have vestigial pelvic and limb bones (Ringneck snake, Indian cobra, Beaked sea snake, Coral snake, Milk snake, Inland taipan)Black Mamba – Jaws can unhinge to consume large prey
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Lizards?
most are insectivores, but some are herbivores or predators (Horned lizard, Gila monster, Mexican beaded lizard, Komodo dragon, Blue-tonged lizard)
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Tuataras?
lizard-like in appearance; native to New Zealand
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Lepidosaurs include?
tuataras and squamates (lizards and snakes)
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What are the characteristics of Turtles?
- · Dorsal and ventral bony plates form a shell
- · Dorsal shell fused to ribs
- · Aquatic (most) or terrestrial
- · Omnivores (most)
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Four groups of Reptiles are?
- Turtles
- Lepidosaurs
- Crocodilians (crocodiles and alligators)
- Birds
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What are the characteristics of Reptiles?
- · Body covered with keratin scales or feathers
- · Respire via lungs
- · 3-chambered heart with partially divided ventricle (all except crocodiles, alligators and birds à 4-chambered)
- · Most are oviparous (leathery or calcium carbonate shell)
- · Internal fertilization
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Terrestrial adaptations?
- · Amniote egg- allows embryo to develop in a contained aqueous environment
- · Tough, impermeable skin (scales, feathers, hair, skin) – reduces water loss
- · Kidneys modified to excrete concentrated urine (conserves water)
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What is the characteristic of Apoda?
· Burrowing worm-like amphibians
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Examples of Apoda?
caecilians
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Examples of Urdoela?
salamanders (newts)
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What are the characteristics of Anura?
· Hind legs modified for jumping
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Examples of Anura are?
frogs and toads
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Apoda means?
“legless ones”
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Urdoela means?
“tailed ones”
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Anura means?
“tail-less ones”
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Three orders of Amphibians are?
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Amphibians characteristics?
- · Aquatic or terrestrial
- · Larvae respire via gills
- · Adults obtain most O2 via moist skin though they have lungs
- · 3-chambered heart
- · External fertilization (most)
- · Oviparous (most)
- · Most restricted to moist environments (skin and eggs lose water in dry air)
- · Must return to water to reproduce
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