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Ancestor of coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods had what?
jointed fins
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What are some characteristics of
Lungfishes (Australian lungfish, African lungfish, S. American lungfish)?
- · Freshwater
- · Jointed pectoral and pelvic fins
- · Breath via gills and lungs (modified swim bladder)
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What are some characteristic of
Lobe-finned fishes (Coelacanths)?
- · Marine
- · Cartilagenous skeleton
- · Breath via gills
- · Jointed, fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins
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Ray-finned fishes characteristics?
- · Bony skeletons
- · Skin covered with flattened scales (most)
- · Gills open to a chamber covered by a bony flap, the operculum
- · Swim bladder regulates buoyancy
- · Internal or external fertilizationOviparous or viviparous
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Example of Ray-finned fishes are?
(barracuda, moray eel, seahorse, blacksmith fish, leafy sea dragon, Commerson’s frogfish)
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Chimeras “ratfish”?
live at great depths; some have poisonous spine at front of first dorsal fin
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Skates and rays?
dorsoventrally flattened bottom dwelling carnivores
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Sharks?
most are carnivores; largest strain plankton
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Chondrichthyans include?
- Sharks
- Skates and rays
- Chimeras “ratfish”
- Ray-finned fishes
- Lobe-finned fishes
- Lungfishes
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Chondrichthyans characteristics?
- · Cartilagenous skeleton
- · Skin covered with placoid scales “dermal denticles”
- · 5-7 pairs of gill slits
- · No swim bladder
- · Internal fertilization
- · Oviparous, ovoviviparous* or viviparous
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Gnathostomes range in size from what to what?
8mm to more than 6 meters in length
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Gnathostomes include what?
chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes and lung fishes
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Gnathostome Fishes characteristics?
- · 2-chambered heart
- · Respire primarily via gills
- · Move through water via fins (most)
- · Lateral line system for detection of vibrations
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Evolution of teeth allowed for what?
grasping and breaking up of prey
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Jaws improve what?
feeding efficiency and prey capture
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Jaws evolved from what?
skeletal arches that supported the gills
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Gnathostomes “jaw mouths” are?
vertebrates with jaws
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Jawless fishes common in past, the only one's surviving today are?
only hagfishes and lampreys survive today
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What are some characteristics of
Lampreys?
- · Complete cranium; cartilaginous vertebrae
- · Ventral heart with 2 chambers (atrium and ventricle)
- · Respire via gills
- · Jawless; sucker-shaped mouth and rasping tongue [secrete anticoagulant]
- · Larvae filter feed; some adults parasitic
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What is the “Vertebrate Body Plan”?
Vertebrates include fishes (most), amphibians and amniotes (reptiles and mammals)
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What are some characteristics of Vertebrates (craniates with vertebrae)?
- · Jointed, dorsal vertebral column replaces notochord during early development
- · Anterior skull with large brain
- · Two pairs of appendages (except lampreys)
- · Internal organs suspended in a coelom
- · Closed circulatory system with a ventral heart
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