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Calorie
The unit of energy measured by the amount of heat required to raise 1000 grams of water one degree Celsius
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Six categories of nutrients:
- 1. carbs
- 2. proteins
- 3. lipids
- 4. vitamins
- 5. minerals
- 6. water
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non-essential nutrients
healthy, well nourished, bodies can make them in sufficient quantities to satisfy there needs.
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macronutrients
needed in larger quantities
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micronutrient
needed in small quantities (ex. vitamins and minerals)
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Simple carbohydrates
include monosaccharides and disaccharides.
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Complex carbohydrates
composed of long chains of the monosaccharide glucose
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trans fats
a type of fat creased when vegetable oils are solidified through hydrogenation
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metabolism
all chemical reactions and physical processes that occur continuously in living cells and organisms
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2 categories of minerals:
trace minerals and major minerals
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flavonoids
plant pigments that dissolve redily in water , found in red, purple and white vegetables such as blueberries, red cabbage, onions, and tea.
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6 parts of the food pyramid
- 1. Activity
- 2. Moderation
- 3. Personalization
- 4. Proportionality
- 5. variety
- 6. Gradual improvement
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ingredient substitute
to mean the replacement of one ingredient with another of presumably similar (not necessarily identical flavor, texture, and appearance and other characteristic)
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ingredient alternative
replacement of an ingredient with another of different flavor, texture, appearance, or other characteristic, but does not compromise the flavor of the dish
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additives
substances added to many foods to prevent spoilage or improve appearance, texture, flavor, or nutritional value
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