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Corals are threatened what?
global warming and pollution.
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Most corals have a symbiotic relationship with what?
algae
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Anthozoa (sea anemones and corals)?
· Polyp dominates life cycle (many associated with clownfish)
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Scyphozoa (true jellyfish, jellies)?
- · Medusa dominates life cycle
- · All marine
- · Some are extremely poisonous
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Hydrozoa (hydrozoans)?
- · Marine or freshwater
- · Some exist as polyps only others as medusa only
- · Most are colonial (hydranth, gonangium, Obelia medusa)
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Three class of cnidarians are?
- Hydrozoa (hydrozoans)
- Scyphozoa (true jellyfish, jellies) Anthozoa (sea anemones and corals)
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Cnidarians?
- · Radial symmetry
- · Diploblastic
- · Two basic body plans: poly(sessile) and medusa (motile)
- · Reproduce sexually
- · Carnivorous
- · Nerve net
- · Gastrovascular cavity
- · Possess unique stinging cells (cnidocytes)
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Ctenophores?
- · Radial symmetry
- · Diploblastic (epidermis and endodermis) with a mesoglea
- · Bioluminescent
- · 8 rows of comb-like plates (ctenes) composed of fused ciliaReproduce sexually
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The 3 major groups of sponges are?
- Demosponges (most)
- Glass sponges
- Calcareous sponges
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Sponges?
- Simplest animals.
- · Lack true tissues; have specialized cells (choanocytes, amoebocytes)
- · Adults sessile
- · Body porous
- · Skeletal elements: spicules (SiO2 or CaCO3) AND/OR sponging (protein).
- · Filter feeders
- Flow of water? Interior
- · Reproduce asexually (budding/ fragmentation) or sexually (monecious/ dioecious)
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Eumetazoans?
true tissues and exhibit symmetry
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Parazoans?
no true tissues (sponges)
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Animal Phylogeny?
Animal and fungi believed to have arisen from a common ancestor in opisthokont clade.
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How are most parasitic life cycles complex?
- Must overcome hosts defenses.
- Must be able to disperse to new host while current host is living.
- Most have one or more intermediate hosts and several larval stages.
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What is precocial young?
able to act like adults almost immediately
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What is altricial young?
must depend upon parents
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How do females produce eggs?
can produce many small eggs or few large eggs.
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No life cycle maximizes all benefits how?
Characteristic or stage may improve performance in 1 activity, but reduce performance In another (trade-off)
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All animal life cycles have at least one dispersal stage. What are the two types of dispersal stages and there functions?
- Sessile adults typically disperse as eggs or larvae.
- Motile adults disperse when mature.
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What is direct development?
no distinct larval/nymph stage or no metamorphosis; young resemble adults.
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What is indirect development?
organism has distinct larval/nymph stage or goes thru metamorphosis; different stages specialized for different functions.
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The animal life cycles are?
- 1.Development is indirect or direct
- 2.All have at least one dispersal stage
- 3.No life cycle maximizes all benefits
- 4. Parasitic life cycles are complex
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Detritivores/scavengers?
feed on dead organic material.
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Omnivores?
will primarily anything, holding nutritional value.
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Parasites?
derive nutrition from animal host; usually do not kill host; much time and energy devoted to dispersal.
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Predators?
capture and kill large animal prey
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Herbivores?
feed on plants; usually have long, complex guts.
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Filter feeders?
filter small organisms and organic molecules from their environment; may be sessile or motile.
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What are the feeding strategies?
- Filter feeders
- Herbivores
- Predators
- Parasites
- Omnivores
- Detritivores/scavengers
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