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cerebellum
located @ the back. helps coordinate movement (balance & muscle coordination). damage may result in ataxia (prob of muscle coordination). can interfere w/ persons ability to walk, talk, eat, n perform other self care tasks.
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frontal lobes
front pt of brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality & a variety of "higher cognitive functions". incl. behavior & emotions
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occipital lobes
region in back of brain that processes visual info. mainly responsible 4 visual reception n contains assoc. areas that help in visual recog of shapes n colors. damage to this lobe can cause visual deficits.
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temporal lobes
- located above the ears. allow a person to tell one smell from another and one sound from another. also help in sorting new info & are believed to be responsible for short-term memory.
- *right lobe- involved in visual memory (i,e memory 4 pics/faces)
- *left lobe- involved in verbal memory (i,e memory 4 words/names)
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medulla oblongata
lower portion of brain stem. deals w/ autonomic func. such as breathing & bllod pressure. the cardiac center is the pt of the medulla oblongata responsible 4 controlling the heart rate.
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corpus callosum
structure of mammalian brian inthe longitudinal fissure that connects the L & R cerebral hemispheres. facilitates communication btwn the 2 hem's. its the largest white strucjin brain, consistin of 200-250 million contralateral axonal projections. its a wide, flat bundle of axons beneath cortex
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thalamus
a pair & symmetric pt of brain. constitutes main pt of diencephalon. its generally believed to act as a transfer for which various "prethalamic" inputs are processed into a form readable by cerebral cortex. also believed to both process & relay info selectively to various pts. of cerebral cortex. plays important role in regulating sleep & wakefulness & regulating arousal, the level of awareness, & activity. damage 2 thalamus can lead to permanent coma.
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hypothalamus
located below thalamus, just above brain stem. links nervous sys to endocrine sys via the pituitary gland. this brain region occupies major portion of ventral diencephalon. it co-ordinates many hormonal & circadian rhythms, conplex patterns of neuroendocrine outputs, complex homeostatic mechanisms & many important behaviors. the hypothalamus contains neurons that react strongly to steroids & glucocorticoids. contains specialized glucose-sensitive neurons (import. 4 appetite)
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pituitary gland
found @ base of brain (size of a pea). as master gland of body, it produces & secrets many hormones that travel throughout body, directing certain processes stimulating other glands to produce diff. types of hormones. the pituitary gland controls biochemical processes important 2 our well-being, also produces 7 types of hormones
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parietal lobes
located behind frontal lobe @ top of brain. it contains primary sensory cortex which controls sensation (touch/pressure). behind p.s.c. is large assoc. area controling fine sensation (judgement of texture, weight, size, shape)
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cerebrum
lies in front of or on top brainstem. directs conscious motor func. of body. damage 2 motor areas of cortex can lead 2 certain types of motor neuron disease.
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limbic system
set of brain structures that form a border of the cortex. operates by influencing endocrine sys & autonomic nervous sys. its highly interconnected w/ nucleus accumbens, brains pleasure center. these responses r heavily modulated by dopaminergic projections from limbic sys.
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