A tire is known as a _______ after tread rubber without any design is applied.
green tire
The _________ and the _____ features pertain to the actual dimension features of the impression and do not reference the actual show size.
physical size and shape
_________ impressions are those made on a nongiving surface.
Two- dimensional
The diameter of the gun barrel is known as the __________.
calibur
Class characteristics are used to eliminate shoes at crime scenes, but __________ characteristics are barely used.
individual
A shotgun has a _______ barrel.
smooth
All three- dimensional impressions should be cast with ___________.
dental stone
Determining whether or not an idividual has fired a weapon is done by measuring the elements _______ and ________ on the hands.
barium and antimony
________ impressions are those that remain after a shoe has permanently deformed a surface.
3-D
A ___________ is any impression caused by a tool coming into contact with another object.
tool mark
The car industry has erected tire designs that bury the size of the design elements to control noise erosion, this is called __________.
noise treatment
A halo of vaporous lead escapes around a bullet hole is normally indicature of a discharge, _______ inches.
12- 18
_________ utilizes a high voltage power source to create a charge that enables transfer of a dry, original impression.
Electrostatic lift
As a rule of , the spread of the pattern of a 12 gauge shotgun is increased one inch for every _____ of distance.
yard
If an impression will not lift with an electrostatic method, it is either a ____________ impression or is composed of another material loaded to the surface.
wet origin
The diameter of a shotgun barrel is expressed by the term ______.
gauge
Tires that are sold as equipment on a new case are known as __________.
original equipment
An ______ photograph may help visualize gunpowder deposits around a target.
infrared
The _________ gives the manufactuer, the , and year the tire was made.
DOT number
The _________ of a vehicle is the measurement to the center of the hubs of the front wheel to the center of the hubs to the rear wheels.
Grooves that run across the tread are sometimes called ______, or transverse grooves.
slots
_____________ are tires that have been revitalized with the addition of new layers of rubber.
Retreaded tires
The _________ is the original past of the oore left after rifting grooves are formed.
lands
The ___________ retread process utilizes strips of raw rubber that are applied to the tire carcass.
mold case
____________ are the reletive diagnosis between two or more tires of a vehicle
Tire tracks
Based on comfirmable differences on class characteristics, shoes may be _________.
eliminated
The portion of a tire touching the ground is the __________.
contact patch
The _______ of a vehicle is the diameter of the circle the vehicles makes, when the vehicle is fully turned.
turning diamter
A _________ is a raised rubber bar that is 1/16 inch off the base of the tire groove.
wear indicator
Track width is also referred to as the ________ of a vehicle.
stance
Most passenger tires are of ______ construction.
radial
Tire treads are composed of many _________.
design elements
The _______ retread process utilizes pre molded rubber that already contains the tread design.
pre- cure
The ________ is the side of the tire that is supposed to face outward on the car with raised white lettering.
whitewall
The pulltration _______ lists the plat code the location.
Who makes it and where?
__________ characteristics can stir a person's stride, step length, and step width.
Gait
The single most important instrument for comparing bullets is the ____________.
comparison microscope
Recovered bullets are indicated on the __________.
Base
Based on an agreement on class and individual characteristics a suspects shoe may be _________ as the exact shoe that left impressions at the crime scene.
postively identified
Restoration of _______ is possible.
serial number
The most obvious class characteristic of any impression is it's design or ________.
pattern
_________ is te measurement mode from the center of one wheel to the opposite wheel.
Track width
When shoe and tire masks are impressed in the soft earth, their preservation is best preserved by __________ and ___________.
photography and casting.
Tool marks compare only when a significant number of _______ match between the evidence and significant markings.
striations
_____________ reflect the tread design and the dimensional features on a vehicle.
tire impressions
It is proper to insert a pencil into the barrel for a crime scene gurnnn
FALSE
Forensic tire examiners must understand concept of noise treatment
TRUE
Firings with all types of ammunition can be detected by swabbing with nitric acid
FALSE
If bullets were fired in succession, all individual characteristics would always be identical.
FALSE
FBI has a database that contains types of shoes of everyone in the U.S.
FALSE
Treadwear indicators can be retained in 3-D impressions regardless of the tires.
TRUE
Current methods of identifying a shooter rely on detection of primary hand.
TRUE
It is always possible to determine a make of a weapon by the bullet it fires.
FALSE
Exemplers are examples of represenatives for damaged items to be repaired.
TRUE
Shotgun pellets can be individualized to a single weapon.
FALSE
-5 pieces of information gained by shoe impressions
-3 alternative light sources to see impressions
-P 195/ 65 R15
P stands for-
195-
65-
R stands for-
15 stands for-
