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Immanuel Kant
sepere aude! (dare to know!)
- reconciled reason with empirical experience
- foundation for modern philosophy
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glorious revolution
limited English monarchy
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John Locke
two treatises to limit government and protect citizens natural rights
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Voltaire
wrote different types of treatises, led group of French called philosophes, unfailingly optimistic, committed to pursuit of scientific knowledge
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Montesquie
"social critic", seperation of powers, individual liberties
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Diderot
"social critic", 33 volume Encyclopedie with over 140 authors
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Rousseau
"social critic", wrote entries on music for Diderot
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Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense, in favor of American Independence
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Adam Smith
Author of "Wealth of Nations", argued for unrestrained economic freedom
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Mary Wollstonecraft
Author of " Vindication of the Rights of Women", one of the first to argue egalitarianism
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Benjamin Franklin
American exponent of Enlightenment, improved glass harmonica
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Thomas Jefferson
American exponent of Enlightenment, violinist
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Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Author of "Nathan the Wise", preached religious tolerance
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Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Friedrich Schiller
two greatest poets and playwrights of German language
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Seven Years War
AKA French and Indan War, France was defeated in 1763
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French Revolution
1789, overthrow Louis XVI
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Reign of Terror
1793-94, Enlightenment doctrines turned against the people, 1400 guillotined
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National Conservatory of Music
Created by new French government to create propaganda for nationalism, failed to meet intended end
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John Kay
Flying shuttle (1733), one weaver could do work of two
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James Hargreave
Spinning Jenny (1760's), 8 and 16 threads at once
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Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin (1793), increased slave reliance
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Thomas Newcomen
Steam Engine, coal is everything, cities grow around coal mines
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Giovanni Battista Martini
"Story della musica" or "History of Music", cover only ancient world
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John Hawkins
"A General History of the Science and Practice of Music", first major music history in English
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Charles Burney
Organist and Composer, "A General History of Music"
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Johann Nikolaus Forkel
"Allgemeine Geschichte der Musik" or "General History of Music", covers only middle of the 16th century, public lectures on music appreciation
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John Mainwaring
Author of "Memoirs of the Late G.F. Handel", first biography of a composer
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Vienna
Home to Noble and Aristocratic families, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
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David Hume
author of "Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding", major intellectual force in 18th century
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John Locke
Tabula Rosa or "blank slate"
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract, attempt to remedy inequality in faculty
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Engraving Techniques
Improved efficiency of music publication
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