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Muscles Part 2
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origin
end of the muscle that is attached to the immoveable bone
insertion
attached to the moveable bone
body of muscle
between origin and inseriton
lever
rigid pole that moves about a fixed point
aponeurosis
broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue
explain how a skeletal muscle produces a movement
by exerting a pulling force on the bone
describe the 2 ways that a muscles are connected to bone
tendons
- cords of dense fibrous connective tissue
aponeurosis
- sheets of dense fibrous connective tissue
tendons and aponeurosis are attached to what part of the bone
periosteum
what type of work does skeletal muscle perform
mechanical movement
muscles can only produce a force by doing what sort of action?
pulling
explain how your muscles and bones act as levers and fulcrums
lever= bone
fulcrum= joint
a lever is acted upon at 2 different point by 2 different forces
explain how reisitance and effort act on a lever
resistance
= a mass of the object that is being moved
effort
= pull that is being exerted by muscle contracting
the movement produced by muscles depends on what 4 things?
1) attachment of origin and insertion
2) type of joint
3) tension of the ligaments
4) muscle tension of opposing muscle
why do muscles tend to work in pairs?
motion in both directions
to provide continuous movement
closer the muscle is attached to the joint
greater range in movement of bone the more effort to move bone
further the muscle is attached from the joint
less range you have
takes less effort to move bone
flexion
descrease angle between the anterior surfaces of the articulating bones
extension
bring body part back after a flexion
hyperextenstion
extension beyond normal
only certian joints allow this
aBduction
move away from midline
aDuction
move toward body
rotation
movement of a around its own longitudinal axis
circumduction
movement of the distal end of a bone in a CIRCLE
pronation
movement of the forearm
palm turned inside out
supination
palm is turned out to inside
eversion
turning the foot so sole is outward
inversion
turning the foot so sole is inward
protraction
moving a part forward
not common
retraction
moving a part backward
elevation
upward movment of a part of the body
depression
downward movement of a part of the body
occipitails
draws the scaple forward
frontails
draws the scaple forward
raises eyebrows
orbicularis oculi
closes eyes
orbicularis oris
closes lips
protudes lips
zygomaticus major
pulls edges of mouth (upward)
temporalis
closes mouth/ jaw
masseter
elevated mandible
medial pterygoid
elevated mandible
moves mandible from side to side
lateral pterygoid
depressed mandible
opens mouth
moves mandible side to side
platysma
depresses mandible
used in extending lower lip
sternocleidomastoid
when both contract
= draws head forward onto chest
contracting one
= draws the head left and right
splenius capitis
extends head side to side
hidden by sternocleidomastoid
spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis
support vetebral column
maintains posture
moves vetebral column
maintain curve
rectus abdominis
compresses abdomen and flexed vetebral column
external oblique
compresses abdomen and flexes vetebral column
internal oblique
compresses abdomin and flexes vetebral column
seratus anterior
moves shoulders forward or raises ribcage
transverse abdominis
compresses abdomin
pectoralis major
adduct or flexes shoulders
trapezius
raises shoulder upward
draws shoulder back
deltoid
abduct arm
lastissimus dorsi
adduct arm or extend shoulder
biceps brachii
flexes forearm
triceps brachii
extends forearm
brachioradials
flexes forearm
supinator
supinates forearm
pronator teres
turn down
pronator quadratus
pronates forearm
flexor carip muscles
flex wrist
plamaris longus
flex wrist
flexor digitorum
flex phalanges
extensor carip muscles
extends wrist
extensor digitorum
extends phalanges
gluteus maximus
extends thigh
hamstring
extends lower leg
flexes thigh
quadricepes femoris
extends lower leg
flexes thigh
gastrocnemius
flexes lower leg
extends foot
calf
soleus
extends foot
tibialis anterior
flexes foot
adductor magnus
flexion of thigh
adduct thigh
adductor longus
flex thigh
bring leg back in midline
pulled groin
adductor muscles of thigh
pulled hamstring
hamstring
thigh region
pulled achilles tendon
tendon connecting gastronemius to heel bone
contusions
brusing due to blow
broken blood vessels
umbilical hernia
children
wall of a cavity
inguinal hernia
ingunial canal
through which testes decend to outside of body
femoral hernia
femoral canal
through which blood vessels from the abdominal region to the heart or lungs
Author
Anonymous
ID
51163
Card Set
Muscles Part 2
Description
anatomy
Updated
2010-11-22T21:02:25Z
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