pharm calc

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non electrolytes
- remain in tact (do not dissociate)
- urea, dextrose
electrolytes
- dissociate into particles (ions)
- carry electric charge
- NaCl
Na+
- cathode negative side of electrode
- cation positive charge ion
- opposites attract
Cl-
- anode positive side of electrode
- anion negative charge ion
Cations in plasma
- Na+
- K+
- Ca++
- Mg++
Anions is blood plasma
- Cl-
- HCO3-
- HPO4-2
- SO4-2
- organic acids -2
- protein -
electrolytes in body fluids
- maintain the acid-base balance in the body
- control body water volumes
- regulate body metabolism
Applicable dosage forms of electrolyte preparations

used in the tretment of disturbances of the electrolyte and fluid balance in the body
Dosage forms
- oral solutions and syrups
- dyr granules intended to be dissolved in water or juice to make an oral solution
- oral tablets and capsules
- intravenous infusion
milliequivalents
- chemical unit
- express the concentration of electrolytes in solution
- related to the total number of ionic charges in solution (takes note of the valence of the ions)
- measurement of the amount of chemical activity of an electrolyte
Cation milliequivalents in the blood
in mEq/L
- Na+ 142
- K+ 5
- Ca++ 5
- Mg++ 2
total=154 cations
Anion milliequivalents in the blood in mEq/L
- HCO3- 24
- Cl- 105
- HPO4-2 2
- SO4-2 1
- organic acids- 6
- proteins- 16
total=154 anions
mEq cation=mEq anion=mEq of the chemical compound
solutions contain the same number of ions but not the same weight of each ion
Eq=mw(g) divided by valence
mEq=mw(mg) divided by valence
mEq=mg x 1mEq divided by (mw in mg divided by valence)
mg=mEq x mw(mg) divided by valence all divided by 1 mEq
mole

molecular weight of a substance in grams
millimole
- one thousandth of a mole
- drug amount in solution
osmotic pressure
- important to biologic processes that involve the diffusion of soluted or the transfer of fluids through semi-permeable membranes
- proportional to the total number of particles in solution
- measured in millimoles (mOsmol)
non electrolytes
- do not dissociate
- 1mmol (mw in mg)=1 mOsmol
electrolytes
- total number of particles in solution depends on the degree of dissociation of the substance
- mOsmol=species produced
mOsmol/L=mg/L x 1mmol/mw(mg) x # of species (mOsmol)/mmol

Author

marinir

51036

Card Set

pharm calc

Description

electrolyte solutions

Updated

2010-11-22T04:26:31Z

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