immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence met in 4 contents of experience - physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental.
state of having a severe discomfort alleviated is:
a. relief
b. ease
c.transcendence
relief
Absence of specific discomforts is:
a. relief
b. ease
c.transcendence
ease
the need for inspiration, strengthening and motivation is encompassed in:
a. relief
b. ease
c.transcendence
transcendence
What is the goal of pain management
- pain level is acceptable to the patient and sedation score below 2
What is the best early clinical indicator of respiratory depression?
increasing sedation
What indicates respiratory depression?
resps less than 8/min
What does narcan reverse?
respiratory depression and analgesia
Dose of narcan?
.05-.4 mg IV
Duration of narcan?
30-60 minutes
A significant decrease in BP following opioid administration indicates what?
hypovolemia
Which opioid is limited to mild pain?
codeine
Codeine is converted by the liver to what form?
morphine
What 3 things should be assessed with each bolus of opioid?
- pain scale
- respiratory status
- sedation scale
Opioids are metabolized and secreted how?
metabolized by liver, and excreted by kidney
A continuous infusion PCA has better pain relief than an intermittent? T or F?
false
What kinds of patients should PCA be used only with caution?
- COPD
- sleep apnea
- liver/renal disease
- CHF
- age extremes
How do NSAIDS work?
Inhibit the enzymes COX1 AND COX2 - components of prostaglandins. This decreases inflammation.
Do NSAIDS work peripherally or centrally?
both
NSAIDS block the beneficial actions of prostaglandins. T or F
true
What are some effects of decreased prostaglandins (nsaids) in
-GI
- Renal
- Platelets
- respiratory
-other