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Humoral Immunity
Induction of antibodies
Extracellular bacteria > B lymphocytes > elimination of bacteria by antibodies
Transferred by serum
Cell-mediated immunity
Phagocytosed microbes in macrophage > T cell > activation of macrophage leading to microbial killing
Virus infected cell > T cell > lysis of infected cel
Transferred by lymphocytes
Classes of lymphocytes
1. B-cells
Antibody factories
Prevent infection
Target pathogens/toxins for destruction
2. T-cells
Kill infected cells
Direct innate and lymphocyte responses
B cells
Secrete their antigen receptor = antibody
Antigen = antibody generating, target of immune system
T cells
Kill infected cells OR
Activate other cells to do so
Do not secrete their antigen receptor
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL)
CD8 T-cell
Defend against intracellular infection
By killing infected cells they prevent replication and spreading of infection
T helper lymphocyte (TH)
CD4 T cell (co-receptor)
Defend against extracellular pathogens by enhancing phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils
Help B cells make antibodies
B Cell Receptor
T cell receptor
How is specificity of antibody generated?
Combining receptors generated by uniquely rearranged segments of DNA andother tricks
MHC Class I
Recognized by CD8
MHC Class II
Bind to CD4 T cells
Functional outcome of B cell activation
Binding of antibody leads to...
1. Neutralization
2. Opsonization
3. Complement activation
Ultimately leads to degradatoin by macrophage
Function outcome of Cytotoxic T cell activation
Lysis of infected cells
Secretion of cytokines (interferon gama)
Functional outcome of T helper cell activation
Activation of other cell types (macrophages and B cells)
Principle antigen presenting cells for T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Circulating mononuclear cells
B cells
Principle antigen presenting cells for B cells
Follicular dendritic cells
Neutralization
Way antibody reduces infection
Binding to pathogen to inhibit growth, replication, or interaction with humans cells
Opsonization
1. Coating it with antibodies
When coated with IgG anitbodies, they bind to receptors on a phagoctye
2. Coating with complement
Activation of classical pathway of complement activation
Pathogen becomes coated with C3b > increase phagocytosis by macrophages
Author
LT24
ID
5072
Card Set
Chapter 3
Description
Adaptive Immunity
Updated
2010-01-26T04:37:07Z
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