a minor modification in the amphetamine molecule yeilds the slightly more potent
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
other compounds with very similar molecule structures to amphetamine have been synthesized
behavioral effects related to amphetamine
the task requirements
the normal frequency of the behavior
the dose
individual characterists
clinical uses to amphetamine and related drugs
asthma
narcolepsy
ADHD
ice
a form of methamphetamine hydrochloride can be inhaled through smoking
catecholamines (CAs)
amphetamines have neuropharmocological properties that enhance the level of ....in the synaptic cleft
nucleus accumbens
although amphetamine and related psychostimulants enhance monoamine activity throughout the nervous system most studies have indicated that the primary reward properties of these drugs are due to their ability to enhance dopaminergic activity in a part of the limbic system called
crash
when the individual stops taking amphetamine after a few days of moderate to heavy amphetamine exposure they generally ..... that is they experience exhaustion depression, lethargy, and hunger
problems associated with malnutrition
nonhealing ulcers
high blood pressure
brain damage resulting from restricted blood flow to the brain
effects of chronic amphetamine exposure
antidepressant and anti-fatigue properties
the earliest leading proponent of cocaine's clinical use for it ......
asthma
cocaine was later used as a therapy for .....
amphetamine
high doses of cocaine induce the same psychopathological effects noted earlier with regard to ,,,,
tactile disturbances (formication)
(snow lights)
the most common of the perceptual changes and pseudohallucinations are .........in which there is a sensation of bugs running over the skin (.....) and visual disturbances (....)
sniffing (snorting)
absorbed through the nasal membranes
in north america and other developed countries cocaine hydrochloride is commonly self-admin by ...... so it can be ...........
alkaloid (base)
because cocaine hydrochloride is volatilized at temps. that degrade it in order for it to be effective when smokes it must be reconverted to it.........state
free-basing
crack
the process of smoking cocaine is called........ and in its crystalline form the compound is commonly referred to as ....
local anesthetic properties
block neural conduction
cocaine has....... because of its ability to ....
CNS effects
inhibit the reuptake of CAs from the synaptic cleft.
cocaines .......effects are medicated primarily by its potent ability to ....
smoking (free basing)
when administered intravenously or through ........ aka....... cocaine can induce a very strong psychological dependence