Pharmacology Microbials

altering the outer cell wall so the antibiotic cannot penetrate the bacteria and the production of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic

• identifies
• Mycobacterium bacterial that causes TB

streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin

isoniazid (INH), rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, chemoprophylaxis

ability of a bacteria to resist the actions of antibiotics

small amount of specimen placed in culture medium allowing it to grow 24-48 hours after which the bacteria are placed on a glass slide and prepared for staining with crystal violet and safranin. bacteria that retain only crystal violet will be blue and are positive while those that retain safranin are pink and this negative

duricef, keflex, ceclor, suprax, rocephin, and maxipine

isoniazid (INH), 18-24 months

vancomycin

methacillin, oxacillin, and nefcillin

effective against 90% of all clinically significant bacteria

cipro and levoquin

1 ID organism 2) select effective drugs to treat organism 3) obtain sample before treament begins 4) use correct dosage 5) avoid trivial and promiscuous use to avoid development of resistance

penicillin substitute and treatment of certain gram - infections

erythromycin, biaxin, zithromax

patient has not responded well to systemic administration

methacillin resistant staphylococcus aurous

Pentam 300 or Nebupent

culturing the specimen then testing drugs on it to see what it is sensitive to; this will test to see what drugs are effective against what bacteria

through a SPAG unit (small particle aerosol generator)

sudden worsening of respiratory function, bronchospasms, pulmonary bacterial pneumonia, hypotension

600mg pwder in 300mL sterile water 12-18 hrs/day for 3-7 days

treatment of RSV (infants and young children)

aerosolized through an oxygen hood

can cause birth defects, eye irritation, headache, throat irritation, pharyngitis, nausea, dizziness, fatigue bronchospasms, and nasal congestion

be careful with vent patients because the meds can stick to the cent parts and interfere with proper functioning, room should be subatmospheric, wear gwn, mask, gloves, and eye protection, and do not administer is pregnant

virazole

vibramycin

cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilla (curved rod), diplo pairs, strepto chains, staphylo clusters

amoxicillin and ampicillin

penicillin g and v

for gram - infections like ecoli and pseudomonos

can cause renal toxicity and deafness

too expensive @ 90/dose and 3600/10 day supply

treatment or prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS

aerosol

administered in a room equipped with a negative pressure ventilation system or other scavenger systems such as treatment booths

prophylaxis - 300mg once every 4 weeks via Respirgar II nebulizer or other filtered nebulizer system

treament - 600mg once daily for 21 days via Respirgar II nebulizer or other filtered nebulizer system

supplied in a 300mg powder that is reconstituted in 6mL of sterile water

bronchospasm, fatigue, sever cough, unpleasant taste, and burning sensation at the back of the throat

birth defects

wear gloves gown mask and goggles during administration

drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of any microorganism

bacteria that cause disease

ID of the antibiotics that are effective against specific bacteris

bacterial ID and determination of antibiotic susceptibility

each antibacterial drug is generally effective for only a limited number or pathogenic bacteria and these suspeptible bacteria make up the AS

drugs that are ffective against a wide spectrum of both gram - and + bacteria

the ability of a bacteria to resist the actions of antibiotics

the enzyme which will inactivate penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics

B-lactamases that inactivate penicillin

inhibits or retards the growth of bacteria allowing normal defense mechanisms to take over

actually killing the bacteria