-
Fish gills are the _____ effective respiratory devices in the animal kingdom.
Most
-
The evolution of the swim bladder in fish is important because it allows a fish to achieve ______ ________ and remain _________ indefinitely at any depth
- neutral buoyancy
- suspended
-
A fish can identify an approaching predator with _______ ______, which are a set of small ______ that allow fish to hear _________________. Reception of the sound begins at the ____ _______ and transmitted to the ____ ____ by ossicles.
- Weberian ossicles
- bones
- faint sounds over a broad range
- swim bladder
- inner ear
-
A fish's ____-chambered heart is composed of the _________ and the ________
-
Fish belong to the phylum ________
Chordata
-
Identify examples of each class:
Myxini
Cephalaspidomorphi
Chondrichthyes
Osteichtyes
- Hagfihs
- Lamprey
- Sharks, rays, skates
- tuna, perch
-
How do hagfish feed? What kind of feeders are they?
Hagfish are bottom dwelling scavengers. They use their rasping tongue (tongue with teeth), ties itself in a know, and rips food off using its tongue.
-
How do lampreys feed? What kind of feeders are they?
They have round mouths with a rasping tongue. Lampreys attach to the live fish and uses the tongue to penetrate the skin, ingesting blood. They are predators and parasites.
-
Osteichtyes = _____ fish
bony
-
Difference between lampreys and hagfish in development?
Lampreys live for years as suspension feeding larvae (resembles lancelets) before becoming an adult. Hagfish have direct development.
-
Sharks can detect prey from a kilometer away with _______ organs. _________ in the lateral line system (which is composed of receptor organs called ____) can sense low frequency vibrations.
- Olfactory
- Mechanoreceptors
- neuromasts
-
Sharks can find prey by their bioelectric field by using electroreceptors called?
ampullae of Lorenzini
-
____________ = mother retains the fertilized egg inside oviduct and eggs hatch inside
_________ = young develop within the uterus and is nourished by mother's blood through the placenta.
_______ = eggs are laid and hatched outside the mother
- ovoviviparous
- viviparous
- oviparous
-
What are the zigzag muscle bands found in the perch? "W"
myomeres
-
Tunas are bony fish but they don't have a _____ _______
swim bladder
-
______ fish have swim bladders. When the fish swims up, the bladder _____, and displaces additional water by a volume of the gas in the bladder, adjusting their ____. If a fish swims ______, the greater pressure exerted by the water _____ the gas in the swim bladder.
- bony
- expands
- density
- deeper
- compresses
-
The ________ ______ connects the swim bladder to the esophagus
pneumatic duct
-
What is countercurrent flow? What does this allow? Some bony fish can remove as much as ____% of the dissolved O2 from water passing over the gills.
Water flow is opposite the direction of blood flow. It allows greater extraction of O2 from water. 85
-
What are the 3 distinct groups of bony fish? (Osteichtyes)
ray finned, lobe finned, lung fish
-
How do hagfish protect themselves?
They secrete a water-absorbing goo to form liters of slime in less than a minute. The slime could suffocate a predator.
-
Lampreys are _____ and ______, while hagfish are ALL _____.
-
Lampreys have _ pairs of gills while Hagfish have __ to ____ gills.
-
Lampreys and hagfish do not have a ____, but they do have a ____.
-
Instead of swim bladders, sharks have a huge ____, which contains ____.
-
Sharks do not have an ________ that covers their gills.
operculum
-
What is the function of the spleen in sharks?
creates red blood cells
-
Besides the liver, what else must sharks do to maintain buoyancy?
Move continously
-
A fish has ____ ______ blood flow.
_____ - > _______ -> ______ -> ______ -> ______ --> _______
- single circuit
- ventricle -> artery -> gill -> systemic -> vein -> atrium
-
O2 rich water enters through the ____ and passes back to the ____, then travels to the _____.
-
How many gill arches do perches have?
4
-
The____ _____ in sharks slows the passage of food, increases surface area for absorption.
spiral valve
-
Cartilaginous fish have _____ endoskeletons, but they have ____ teeth.
-
Paired pectoral and pelvic fins provide ____
lift
-
The heterocercal tail is in ___, while the homocercal tail is found in ___.
-
What is the largest fish? What kind of feeder is it?
whale shark. suspension feeder
-
What is the most primitive early fish?
hagfish
-
_______ scales in perches are covered with a thin _____, which secretes mucus over the scales to reduce ____ when swimming, and makes capture ____.
- CTENOID
- epidermis
- friction
- harder
-
Rectal gland function in sharks?
Excretes salt to help maintain osmotic balance
-
What are the function of the gill rakers?
They increase the surface area of gills, which allow for more efficient respiration
-
What lines the coelom? What covers the organs?
- Peritoneum
- Visceral peritoneum
|
|
