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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... ASPIRIN
- NSAID
- irreversible acetylation of cox-1 and cox-2
- 4As: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-thrombotic
- 4-6 hr duration
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... IBUPROFEN (Advil, Motrin)
- NSAID
- reversible inhibitor of cox-1 and cox-2
- 4As, but weaker anti-thrombotic
- ~4 hr duration, fewer GI effects
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... NAPROXEN (Aleve)
- NSAID
- reversible inhibitor of cox-1 and cox-2
- 4As, but weaker anti-thrombotic
- ~8 hr duration, fewer GI effects
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... INDOMETHACIN (Indocin)
- NSAID
- reversible inhibitor of cox-1 and cox-2
- 4As, but weaker anti-thrombotic
- more potent anti-inflammatory agent
- GI side effects, headaches and dizziness
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol, Excedrin, cold medicines)
- unclear mechanism, cox-3 inhibitor?
- no anti-inflammatory, no anti-thrombotic action!!!
- analgesic and anti-pyretic
- ~4 hr duration, minimal GI effects
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... MORPHINE
- opoid analgesic, for severe pain
- IV, not very active if given orally
- 4-5 hr duration
- analgesic, anti-tussive, anesthesia, anti-diarrhea
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... CODEINE
- opoid analgesic, for mild to moderate pain
- 12 times less potent than morphine
- analgesic and anti-tussive
- tylenol #2 and #3 = acetaminophen and codeine
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... HEROIN
- opoid analgesic
- rapidly crosses the BBB and is metabolized to morphine
- 3 times AS potent as morphine
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Lecture 1: Dr. Skacel... CAPSAICIN (Capzasin, Zostrix)
- topical OTC agent, analgesic
- used mainly for arthritis, mild muscle aches and pain
- with prolonged use, leads to desensitization of nociceptor
- reduces the release of substance P in type C receptor
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... PILOCARPINE
- parasympathetic stimulation
- directly mimics the effects of ACh
- exogenous muscarinic agonist
- rarely used clinically since numerous unwanted SLUDGE side effects
- used to treat XEROSTOMIA (excessive dry mouth), result = increase salivation
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... DONEPEZIL (AriceptTM)
- parasympathetic stimulation
- indirectly by increasing the ability of ACh
- inhibits acetlycholinesterase! decrase ACh catabolism so more ACh available
- used for ALZHEIMERS, incrased ACh helps neuronal functions
- side effects include diarrhea and increased urination
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... ATROPINE
- parasympathetic inhibiton, decrease cholinergic activity
- ANTI-MUSCARINIC: muscarinic receptor ANTAGONIST (blocks muscarinic receptor)
- naturally occuring in nightshade/belladonna
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... TOLTERODINE (DetrolTM)
- parasympathetic inhibition, decrease cholinergic activity
- ANTI-SPASMODIC: reduces muscle spasms and secretions
- acts on bladder to help INCONTINENCE
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... IPRATROPIUM (AtroventTM)
- parasympathetic inhibition, decrease colinergic activity
- ANTI-SPASMODIC: reduces muscle spasms ans secretions
- acts on bronchioles to help ASTHMA
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Lecture 2: Dr. Nickola... SCOPOLAMINE
- parasympathetic inhibition, decrease cholinergic activity
- ANTI-EMETIC: decrease nausea and vomiting
- decreases vestibular input to vomit center in medulla
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Lecture 3: Dr. Richard... PRAZOSIN
- a-1 antagonist
- used to treat raynaud's syndrome
- raynaud's syndrome: eye/skin disorder, increased sympathetic innervation to peripheral blood vessels.... more NE leads to more a-1 stimulation that causes more vessel constriction, less blood to ears, nose, fingers and toes
- hypertension: to decrease heart rate and decrease stroke volume
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Lecture 3: Dr. Richard... METOPROLOL
- beta-1 antagonist
- used for heart attack to decrease HR and SV
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Lecture 3: Dr. Richard... DOBUTAMINE
- beta-1 agonist
- used to treat heart failure to increase HR and SV
- heart isn't contracting as strong as it should so give agonist to beta-1 receptor
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Lecture 3: Dr. Richard... ALBUTEROL
- beta-2 agonist (inhaled)
- used to treat asthma
- remember beta-2 acts to relax bronchioles, increase the amount of air coming in
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