technique used to examine large areas of the upper or lower jaw
occlusal technique
the chewing surfaces of the posterior teeth
occlusal surfaces
a type of intraoral radiographic examination used to inspect large areas of the maxilla or mandible on one film
occlusal examination
the method used to expose a film in the occlusal examination
occlusal technique
What size of film is used in the occlusa technique for adults? for children?
size 4
size 2
The occlusal technique is a__________radiographic technique that is used in conjunction with_________or__________ radiographs
suplementary
periapical
bitewing
What are 2 reasons why the occlusal radiograph is preferred?
when are of interest is larger than a PA film
when placement of PA film is too difficult for patient
How many purposes are there for using occlusal radiographs
10
What is the purpose of an occlusal film in regards to extracted teeth?
to locate retained roots
Purpose of occlusal films. To locate___________teeth, ___________teeth, and __________teeth.
supernumerary (extra)
unerupted
impacted
What is the purpose of an occlusal film in regards to salivary glands?
to locate salivary stones in the duct of the submanibular gland
Purpose of occlusal films. What are 3 types of lesions that occlusal films are used to examine the extent of in either the maxilla or mandible
cysts
tumors
malignancies
What is the purpose of the occlusal film in regards to the maxillary sinus?
to evaluate the boundaries of it
true or false. One of the purposes of the occlusal film is to evaluate fractures in the maxilla or mandible.
true
Purpose of occlusal films. To aid in the examination of patients who cannot_______ ________ ________more than a few millimeters
open their mouths
One of the purposes of the occlusal film is to measure changes in the_________and_________of the maxilla or mandible
size
shape
Which arch is the white side of the film facing in the occlusal technique?
white side of the film faces the arch being exposed
what are the 3 mandibular occlusal projections?
topographic
cross-sectional
pediatric
projection used to examine the buccal and lingual aspects of the mandible. Also to locate foreign bodies or salivary stones in the region of the floor of the mouth
mandibular cross-section occlusal projection
projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible
mandibular topographic occlusal projection
How should the PID be positioned and at what angle, for the mandibular topographic occlusal projection?
central ray is at -55 degree angle to the center of the chin
PID centered over the chin
How should the PID be positioned and angled for the mandibular cross-section occlusal projection?
Recline patient so the mandibular arch is perpendicular to the floor
central ray is at 90 degrees to the center of the film
PID centered 1 inch below the chin
for which projection of occlusal film is the patient reclined so the mandibular arch is perpendicular to the floor?
mandibular cross-section occlusal projection
projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible and is recommended for use in children 5 years old or younger
mandibular pediatric occlusal projection
How should you position and angle the PID for the mandibular pediatric occlusal projection?
central ray is directed at -55 degrees
PID centered over chin
a method used to locate the position of a tooth or object in the jaws
localization technique
What are 2 relationships that a dental radiograph depicts an object? What relationship does it not depict?
superior-inferior
anterior-posterior
buccal-lingual
Name 9 items that the localization technique is used to locate.
foreign bodies
impacted teeth
unerupted teeth
retained roots
root poitions
salivary stones
jaw fractures
broken needles and instruments
filling materials
What are the 2 basic techniques used to localized objects?
buccal object rule
right-angle technique
a rule governing the orientation of structures portrayed in 2 radiographs exposed at different angles
buccal object rule
Describe the process of taking radiographs in the buccal object rule.
one film is exposed using proper technique and angulation, and a second film is exposed after changing the direction of the x-ray beam.
A different horizontal angulation is used when trying to locate_________aligned images, and a different vertical angulation is used when trying to locate_________aligned images
vertically
horizontally
What is an example of a vertically aligned image that the buccal object rule is used to locate?
root canals
What is an example of a horizontally aligned image that the buccal object rule is used to locate?
mandibular canal
When the object seen in the radiograph appears to have moved in the same direction as the shift of the PID, the object in question is positioned where?
to the lingual
If the horizontal angulation is changed by moving the PID mesially, and the object in question shifts mesially on the radiograph, the the object lies where?
to the lingual
When the dental object seen in the second radiograph appears to have moved in the direction opposite of the shift of the PID, the object in question is positioned where?
to the buccal side
If the horizontal angulation is changed by shifting the PID distally, and the object in question moves mesially on the radiograph, the the object lies where?
to the buccal side
What does SLOB stand for?
Same = Lingual; Opposite = Buccal
a rule for the orientation of strucures seen in 2 radiographs where one film is exposed using proper technique and angulation, and then an occlusal film is taken directing the central ray perpendicular to the film.
right-angle technique
What is the right-angle technique primarily used for?
locating objects in the mandible
the periapical film taken in the right-angle technique is used to show the position of the object in the______ ________and________ ________relationships, and the occlusal film shows the object in the________ _______ and________ __________.
superior-inferior
anterior-posterior
buccal-lingual
anterior-posterior
Where is the occlusal film placed in the mouth?
between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth
When is the occlusal film stabilized in the patients mouth?
when the patient gently bites down on the surface of the film
What is the step-by-step procedure for occlusal films in order?
patient preparation
equipment preparation
film placement methods
Where should the patient chair be positioned for the occlusal films?
in an upright position, and at a comfortable working level for the radiographer
Where must the patients head be positioned for maxillary occlusal films? for SOME mandibular films?
upper arch is parallel with the floor, and midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the floor
reclined and positioned so the occlusal plane is perpendicular to the floor
What are the 3 different maxillary occlusal projections?
topographic
lateral (right or left)
pediatric
used to examine the palate and the anterior teeth of the maxilla
maxillary topographic occlusal projection
Where is the PID positioned and aligned for the maxillary topographic occlusal projection?
central ray at +65 degrees to the center of film
top edge of PID between the eyebrows on the bridge of nose
used to examine the palatal roots of the molar teeth, may be used to locate foreign bodies or lesions in the posterior maxilla
maxillary lateral (right or left) occlusal projection
Where is the PID positioned and aligned for the maxillary lateral occlusal projection?
central ray at +60 degrees to the center of the film
to edge of PID placed over the corner of the eyebrow
used to examine the anterior teeth of the maxilla and is recommended for children 5 years old or younger
maxillary pediatric occlusal projection
Where is the PID positioned and aligned for the maxillary pediatric occlusal projection?
central ray at + 60 degrees toward the center of the film
top edge of PID is placed between the eyebrows on the bridge of the nose
