Chapter 10

sheath of Schwann cell containing cytoplasm and nucleus that encloses myelin

corresponds to rough endoplasmic reticulum in other cells

network of fine threads extending into nerve fiber

substance of Schwann cell composed of lipoprotein that insultes axons and increases impulse speed

neuron process with many branches that conducts an impulse toward the cell body

branch of an axon

star-shaped neuroglia between neurons and blood vessels

nerve fiber arising from a slight elevation of the cell body that conducts an impuse away from the cell body

transmits impulse from sensory to motor neurons within central nervous system

transmits impulse out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands)

transmits impulse into brain or spinal cord from receptors

myelin-forming neuroglia in brain and spinal cord

phagocytic neuroglia

structure capable of responding to motor impulse

specialized mass of neuron cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord

cells that cover the inside spaces of the brain ventricles and help regulate cerebrospinal fluid

What are the functions of the nervous system?

what are the structures of a neuron

functional connection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type

a narrow extracellular space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

tiny enlargement at the end of an axon that secretes a neurotransmitter

contain many unmyelinated axons and neuron cell bodies

groups of mylenated axons

structural support, formation of scar tissue, transport of substances between blood vessels and neurons, communicate with one another and with neurons

form myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord, produce nerve growth factors

structural support and phagocytosis

form a porous layer through which substances diffuse between the interstitual fluid of the brain and spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid

cell body with many processes, one of which is an axon, the rest dendrites

cell body with a process, arising from each end, one axon and one dendrite

cell body with a single proess that divides itno 2 branches and functions as an axon

which typye of neuron is most common in the brain or spinal cord?

conducts nerve impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal cord

transmits nerve impulses between neurons in the brain and spinal cord

conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors-muscles or glands

What is resting potential and the approximate value in millivolts?

sequence of electrical changes in part of a nerve cell membrane exposed to a stimulus that exceeds threshold

What occurs during polarization of a nerve fiber?

increase in the negitivity of the resting potential of a cell membrane

nerve impulse conduction that seems to jump from one node to the next

communication of an impulse from one neuron to the next

if a neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic receptor and opens sodium ion channels, the ions diffuse inward, depolarizing the membranse, possibly triggering an action potential

neurotransmitter binds other receptors and increases membrane permeability to potassium ions, these ions diffuse outward. hyperpolarizing the membrane

controls skeletal muscle actions; stimulates skeletal muscle contraction at neuromuscular junctions.

creates a sense of well-being; low levels may lead to depression; may excite or inhibit autonomic nervous system actions, depending on receptors

creates a snese of well being; deficiency in some brain areas associated with parkinson disease; limited actions in autonomic nervous sustem; may excite or inhibit, depending on receptors

primarily inhibitory; leads to sleepiness; action is blocked by LSD, enhanced by selective seritonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs

release in hypothalamus promotes alertness

Aminio Acids
-Generally inhibitory

Amino Acids
-generally excitatory

Neuropeptides
-Generally ingibitory; reduce pain by inhibiting substance P release

Neuropeptides
-excitatory; pain perception

Gases
-may play role in memory; vasodilation

the more _____ that enters the synaptic knob, the more vesicles release neurotransmitters

If calcium is deficient in the blood, what happens to
the muscles?

Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with Alzheimer disease?

Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with Parkinson disease?

Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with epilepsy?

Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with insomnia

Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with mania