pharmacotherapy exam 3 psych

• panic disorder
• generalized anxiety
• obsessive compuslvie behavior
• phobias

• physical symptoms
• cognitive componenet
• behavior component

• perceived danger
• brain sends message to autonoic nervous system
• sympatheitc nervous system is activated
• sympathetic nervous system isn in fight flight system
• sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline and noradrenalin

• obsessions--recurring distressing ideas of images
• compulsions--recurring behaviors designed to decrease anxiety caused by obsesssions

• clomipramine
• ssris
• cognitive behavioral therapy

• specific phobias--heights closed spaces
• social phobias--social anxiety--interaction public places
• agoraphobia--fear of large open places

• ferafulness of darkness, heights certain species may be inborn''preparedness theroy"
• classical conditioning connected to experience of intense fear
• stimulus generalization may occur
• avoidance prevents de-conditioning

systemiatic desensitization-- teach relaxation skills, fear hierarchy, sufferers learn to relax while facing feared objects,

• marked or persistent fear in one or more social performance situations
• exposure to fear situation is associated with exreeme ansiety
• person recognizes that fear is excessive or unreasonable
• eared social and perforamcne situations are avoided or endured wiht intesne anxiety

TCAs MOIs SSRIs relapse is comin when medication is discontinued

• periodic short bouts of panic that occur sudently, reach a peak and pass
• symptoms vary among indivudals
• intesnse symptoms build quickly
• arive out of the blue with no warning
• sufferers often fear they will die go crazy or lose control,
• attacks happen in the absense of a real threat

• NE--irregular in ppl with panic attacks, relaed to changes in ne acivity in locus ceruleus
• what goes wrong is not well understood

panic attacks... ppeople who have repeated unexpected and without apparent reason are dx as panic disorder

misinterpreting bodily sensations-- focus on bodily sensations ie overbreathing or hyperventilating

• Agoraphobia--fear of the marketplace
• medications
• behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments

• educate clients--about panic etc
• teach clients to apply more accurate interpretations
• teach clients skills for coping

cognitive tehrapy is helpful, combo with drugs is most effective

• excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not for atleast 6 months about a number of events or activities
• difficulty controlling worry
• 3/6 symptoms need to be present: restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance

• normal fear reactions
• key neurons fire more rapidkly
• ceate a state of excitability throughout the brain and body, perspiration, muscle tension etc
• excited stae is experiences as anxiety

• feedback system is triggered
• neurons release GABA
• binds to GABA receptors on certain neurons and orders neurons to stop firiging
• state of cal returns
• GAD==problem in feedback system

short term--benzo, valium

symptoms occur AFTER a traumatic stressor

• INTRUSIVE--distressing recolletion,s dreams, flashbacks, psych trigger rxns, phys trigger rxns
• AVOIDANCE--avoid thoughts, feeling, discussions, activities, places, memory blocks, numb
• HYPERAROUSAL--sleep disturbances, anger problems, concentration, startle response

• acute stress disorder--symptoms 2 days to 4 weeks folllowing traumatic event
• PTSD--symptoms beyond 4 weeks, delayed onset