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what are the different types of anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- generalized anxiety
- obsessive compuslvie behavior
- phobias
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what are three components to anxiety
- physical symptoms
- cognitive componenet
- behavior component
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what are the physical system physiology of anxiety
- perceived danger
- brain sends message to autonoic nervous system
- sympatheitc nervous system is activated
- sympathetic nervous system isn in fight flight system
- sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline and noradrenalin
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what are clinical features of OCD
- obsessions--recurring distressing ideas of images
- compulsions--recurring behaviors designed to decrease anxiety caused by obsesssions
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hwhats typical treatment for OCD
- clomipramine
- ssris
- cognitive behavioral therapy
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what are phobia disorders
- specific phobias--heights closed spaces
- social phobias--social anxiety--interaction public places
- agoraphobia--fear of large open places
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what causes a phobia to develop
- ferafulness of darkness, heights certain species may be inborn''preparedness theroy"
- classical conditioning connected to experience of intense fear
- stimulus generalization may occur
- avoidance prevents de-conditioning
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what are psyychotherapy teratments for phobias
systemiatic desensitization-- teach relaxation skills, fear hierarchy, sufferers learn to relax while facing feared objects,
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whats diagnostic criteria for social phobias
- marked or persistent fear in one or more social performance situations
- exposure to fear situation is associated with exreeme ansiety
- person recognizes that fear is excessive or unreasonable
- eared social and perforamcne situations are avoided or endured wiht intesne anxiety
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what is pharmacotherapy treatment for social phobias
TCAs MOIs SSRIs relapse is comin when medication is discontinued
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what is a panic attack
- periodic short bouts of panic that occur sudently, reach a peak and pass
- symptoms vary among indivudals
- intesnse symptoms build quickly
- arive out of the blue with no warning
- sufferers often fear they will die go crazy or lose control,
- attacks happen in the absense of a real threat
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what are the biological factors that contribute to panic disorder?
- NE--irregular in ppl with panic attacks, relaed to changes in ne acivity in locus ceruleus
- what goes wrong is not well understood
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whats the diff between panic attack and panic disorder
panic attacks... ppeople who have repeated unexpected and without apparent reason are dx as panic disorder
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what are cognitive explanations of panic disorder
misinterpreting bodily sensations-- focus on bodily sensations ie overbreathing or hyperventilating
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how do you treat panic disorder and agoraphobia?
- Agoraphobia--fear of the marketplace
- medications
- behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments
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whats the cognitive perspective treat in regards to panic disorder
- educate clients--about panic etc
- teach clients to apply more accurate interpretations
- teach clients skills for coping
cognitive tehrapy is helpful, combo with drugs is most effective
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what is the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder
- excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not for atleast 6 months about a number of events or activities
- difficulty controlling worry
- 3/6 symptoms need to be present: restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
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what are the neurotransmiters response to GAD when getting anxious?
- normal fear reactions
- key neurons fire more rapidkly
- ceate a state of excitability throughout the brain and body, perspiration, muscle tension etc
- excited stae is experiences as anxiety
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what are neurotransmitters response to GAD with calming down
- feedback system is triggered
- neurons release GABA
- binds to GABA receptors on certain neurons and orders neurons to stop firiging
- state of cal returns
- GAD==problem in feedback system
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what is treatment for GAD
short term--benzo, valium
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what is critical component of post traumatic stress disorder?
symptoms occur AFTER a traumatic stressor
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what are three symptom categories of PTSD?
- INTRUSIVE--distressing recolletion,s dreams, flashbacks, psych trigger rxns, phys trigger rxns
- AVOIDANCE--avoid thoughts, feeling, discussions, activities, places, memory blocks, numb
- HYPERAROUSAL--sleep disturbances, anger problems, concentration, startle response
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what are two types of PTSD
- acute stress disorder--symptoms 2 days to 4 weeks folllowing traumatic event
- PTSD--symptoms beyond 4 weeks, delayed onset
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